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| Type of activated carbon | Method | Type of adsorbate | Adsorption capacity (mg/g) | Adsorbate parameters | Characteristics | References |
| BET surface area (m2/g) | Total pore volume (cm3/g) | Average pore diameter (nm) |
|
| Impregnated with H3PO4/H2O | H3PO4 impregnation, carbonization (500°C, 1 h, 100 mL/min steam, 80 mL/min N2) | Furadan
Metribuzin
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid | 868.98
756.47
274.70 | Concentration: 50 mg/L, pH: 2.41, temp: 25°C, time: 24 h | 1196.30 | NA | NA | Santana et al. [11] |
| Moso | Carbonization (once activated) (800°C, 1 h, 400 mL/min steam) | Lead
Copper
Chromium
Cadmium | 0.68 (0.64)
0.59 (0.66)
0.33 (0.49)
0.20 (0.24) | Dosage: 0–0.5 g, pH: 4.9–7.5, temp: 25°C, time: 2–8 h | 486.80 (522.90) | 0.24 (0.24) | 1.93 (1.86) | |
| Ma | Recarbonization (twice-activated) (800°C, 1 h, 400 mL/min steam, 500 mL/min N2) | Lead
Copper
Chromium
Cadmium | 0.68 (0.68)
0.65 (0.65)
0.63 (0.66)
0.67 (0.66) | Dosage: 0–0.5 g, pH: 7.1–9.8, temp: 25°C, time: 2–8 h | 464.70 (589.65) | 0.23 (0.28) | 2.01 (1.87) | Lo et al. [10] |
| Impregnated with H2SO4 | Sulfuric acid and nitric acid impregnation, | Lead
Aluminum
Copper | 0.30 mg/L
0.65 mg/L
2.21 mg/L | NA | 825.46 | 0.24 | 6.08 | |
| Impregnated with HNO3 | Carbonization (450°C) | Lead
Aluminum
Copper | 0.45 mg/L
0.76 mg/L
2.37 mg/L | | 650.36 | 0.22 | 7.20 | Kuti et al. [9] |
| EDTA modified | Silanization (4 h, 30°C) | Lead
Copper | 123.45
42.19 | Dosage: 0.8 g/L, pH: 5.3, temp: 30°C, time: 24 h | 68.92 | 0.08 | 4.83 | Lv et al. [45] |
| Copper modified | Carbonization (500°C,4 h, 20 mL/min N2), HCl activated (80°C, 4 h), copper modified (400°C, 2 h) | Lead
Chromium
Arsenic
Manganese | 0.46
0.47
0.48
1.03 | Dosage: 0.1 g, pH: 5.83, 3 h | 5.00 | 0.01 | 6.47 | Thotagamuge et al. [46] |
| AC | Carbonization (650°C, 2 h, 25 cm3/min steam) | Mercury
Cadmium
Zinc | 248.05
239.45
254.39 | Dosage: 0.2–1 g, pH: 3–11, temp: 25°C, time: 48 h | 608.00 | 0.69 | 10.30 (diameter) | González and Pliego-Cuervo [47] |
| AC | Carbonization (500°C, 2 h, 200 mL/min N2), NaOH activated, pyrolysis (800°C) | Mercury | 218.08 | Concentration: 50 mg/L, room temperature | 1041.7 | 0.62 | NA | Mistar, et al. [48] |
| N-doped | Potassium bicarbonate activated, carbonization (600–900°C, 1 h) | Methylene blue | 816.00 | Dosage: 0.8 g/L, pH:9, temp: 25°C, time: 6 h | 2037.5 | 1.09 | 2.13 | Xiang et al. [49] |
| Citric acid | Carbonization (450°C, 6 h), citric acid solution (25 g AC in 200 mL) | Methylene blue | 725.00 | Dosage: 0.2–1.4 g/L, pH: 7.5, temp: 17–31°C, time: 10–100 min | 393.3 | NA | NA | Ghosh and Bandyopadhyay [50] |
| AC | Carbonization (300–800°C, 20°C/min, 1 h, steam activated (8 g/min, pressure: 1 kg/cm3, 800°C, 1 h | Methylene blue | 0.89 mmol/g | Dosage: 0.5–2 g, pH: 4.2, temp: 30°C, time: 2 h | 734.00 | 0.45 | 2.5 | Hata et al. [51] |
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