| | Type of biochar | Pyrolysis condition | Adsorbate | Parameters (concentrations, temperature, time) | pH | Adsorption capacity (mg/g) | References |
| | Calcium sulfate hydroxyapatite plus calcium sulfate | 500°C, 20°C/min, 4 h | 2,4-Dichlorophenol | 5–10 mg/L, room temperature, 3 h | 8
6 | 10.69
16.37 | Alamin and Kaewsichan [70] | | Unmodified | 500°C | Fluoroquinolone antibiotics | 500 mg/L, 25°C, 96 h | 3–10 | 45.88 | Wang et al. [14] | | Ball milled | 480°C, 5°C/min, 2 h | Sulfamethoxazole | 3–30 mg/L, room temperature, 24 h | 6 | 25.70 | Huang et al. [71] | | Ball milled (300 rpm, 12 h) | Sulphapyridine | 6 | 58.60 | | Magnetic chitosan modified | 700°C, 2 h, 100 mL/min N2 magnification (coprecipitation) | Cr(VI) | 0–500 mg/L, 25°C, 24 h | 2–10 | 75.80
127.00 | Zhang, H et al. [72] | | Modified EDTA-LDH | 480°C, 5°C/min, 2 h | Cr(VI) | 2–250 mg/L, room temperature, 24 h | 3 | 38.00 | Huang et al. [73] | | HNO3 modified | 500°C/700°C, 3 h | Cd2+ | 100 mg/L, 35°C, 1.5 h | 7 | 17.29 | Tang et al. [13] | | PEI-alkali | 450°C, 1 h | U(VI) | 200 mg/L, 25°C, 24 h | 5 | 212.70 | Wang et al. [74] | | PEI-acid | U(VI) | 185.50 | | Hydrous | 370 °C | Ammonium ion | 100 mg/L, 20°C, 12 h | 6.5 | 6.38 mM/g | Fan et al. [75] | | Unmodified | 1000°C | Acid Black 172 | 500 mg/L, 40°C, 8 h | 1 | 401.88 | Yang et al. [76] | | PEI modified, magnetic | Magnetized by the hydrothermal method | Congo red | 200 mg/L, 25°C, 24 h | 6.5 | 435.90 | Wu et al. [77] | | PEI modified | NaOH treated (80°C, 4 h), wet impregnation method | Congo red | 400 mg/L, 25°C | 7 | 871.04 | Zhang et al. [78] | | Mg engineered | 600°C, 10°C/min, 1 h | Phosphate | 31 mg/L, room temperature, 24 h | 11 | 119.6 | Zheng et al. [79] | | Fe modified | 600°C | Nitrogen | 8.561–10.618 mg/L (low N) and 16.932–18.774 mg/L (high N), 19.6–25.3°C, 12–96 h | - | 128.40 g | Jia et al. [80] | | Unmodified, montmorillonite modified | 460°C, 120 min, N2 | Nitrate | 200 mg/L, 25°C, 24 h | 4 | 5
9 | Viglašová et al. [81] |
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