Biomass is produced internationally in large quantities by various industrial sectors, food supply chains, and municipalities amongst other sources.

Human exposure to various waste biomass discharged into the environment may lead to serious health challenges, hence a solution to address these various problems is required. Moreover, owing to the diminishing supply of natural resources, increasing greenhouse emissions, and awareness of the necessity for sustainable development in terms of safely reusing biomass, the conversion of waste and biomass to valuable materials and energy appears to be a strong trend.

This Special Issue aims to collate research articles that provide an overview of the current processes for biomass conversion to develop value-added materials for environmental applications. Technologies for energy recovery from waste, including chemical, biological, and thermochemical conversion processes (e.g., pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, incineration, gasification) and new strategies are also of interest. Review articles discussing the current state of the art are also welcomed.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Thermochemical conversion of biomass, for example through incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, torrefaction, hydrothermal liquefaction, and carbonisation
• Chemical conversion of biomass for example through hydrolysis, transesterification, hydrotreating, and catalytic applications
• Biochemical conversion of biomass, for example by anaerobic and co-anaerobic digestion, general fermentation, and composting
• Conversion of waste biomass into advanced carbonaceous materials such as biochar and activated carbon
• Application of converted waste biomass in wastewater treatments
• Application of converted waste biomass in energy storage