Effects of Wind on Virtual Plants in Animation

Table 1

Growth rates for plant species.

Species	Branch growth rate	Change in growth rate due to wind	Reference
Aspen (Populus tremula)	25 or more inches per year (used Populus tremuloides)	50% reduction in leaf area	[19]
Bamboo (Poaceaea)	Some grow 39 inches/day	No study found	[40]
Barley	18% increase per day	No change in growth rate	[41, 42]
Birch (Betula pendula)	13 or more inches a year (used Betula papyrifera)	26% decrease	[43] (growth rate); [19] (wind effects)
Dogwood (Cornus sanguinea)	45 cm per year	20% reduction in leaf area	[44] (growth rate); [19] (wind effects)
Honeysuckle (Lonicera xylosteum)	1.5 m per year	33.3% reduction in leaf area	[45] (growth rate); [19] (wind effects)
Lodge Pole Pine (Pinus contorta v. latifolia)	24 or fewer inches per year	12 to 40 inches per year	[43] (growth rate)
Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Red Cherokee Wax)	6.4 mm/day; ave. increase in elongation per day; 0.266 mm/day ave. increase in leaf diameter	1.4% decrease in elongation; 3.3% decrease in leaf diameter	[46]
Oak (Quercus robur)	24 or fewer inches per year (used White Oak)	25% reduction in leaf area	[43] (growth rate); [19] (wind effects)
Pea	11% increase per day	No change in growth rate	[41, 42]
Rape (Brassica napus)	25% increase per day	No change in growth rate	[41, 42]
White Ash (Fraxinus Americana)	13 to 24 inches per year	40% decrease in leaf area	[43] (growth rate); [19] (wind effects)