Usability Assessments for Augmented Reality Motor Rehabilitation Solutions: A Systematic Review

Table 2

Selected articles, ordered by QualSyst score, from the 17th to the 32nd.

nº	Title	Author	Evaluation Type	Evaluation Approach	Method used	Subjects	Body part and Movements used to control application	Type of pathologies	QualSyst Quantitative
17	Functional gait rehabilitation in elderly people following a fall-related hip fracture using a treadmill with visual context: design of a randomized controlled trial.	MW, van Ooijen	task performance	objective measures	performance analysis	Estimated: 126 older adults	walking ability and reducing fall incidence	injuries	74.04%
18	A Kinect-Based System for Lower Limb Rehabilitation in Parkinson’s Disease Patients: a Pilot Study	Palacios-Navarro, Guillermo	task performance	objective measures	task execution, performance analysis	(A) 7 healthy subjects; (B) 7 patients	Lower Limb; lateral leg movements	Parkinson’s Disease Patients with idiopathic	67.42%
19	SleeveAR: Augmented reality for rehabilitation using real-time feedback	Sousa, M et al	task performance, perception and cognition	objective and subjective measures, informal evaluations	task execution, performance analysis, questionnaire, interview	18: 14 male and 4 female. Average 26 years old	Upper arm and forearm	injuries	66.67%
20	Visually-guided gait training in paretic patients during the first rehabilitation phase: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial	Rossano, Cathia	task performance	objective measures	performance analysis	The current estimation is that a total of 70 to 100 participants will be recruited.	Human walking; the muscles of the lower limbs	Stroke	66.67%
21	An augmented reality home-training system based on the mirror training and imagery approach	Trojan, Jörg	task performance	objective measures	task execution, performance analysis	7 healthy participants	hand training; treatment for phantom limb pain	Several clinical conditions, such as phantom limb pain, stroke and complex regional pain syndrome.	63.64%
22	Walking adaptability therapy after stroke: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial	Timmermans, Celine	task performance	objective measures	task execution, performance analysis	40 persons after stroke (≥3 months)	Human walking;	Stroke	62.05%
23	Data modeling mobile augmented reality: integrated mind and body rehabilitation	Hsiao, Kuei Fang	UX	subjective measures	questionnaire, interview	51 senior citizens	Wrist & Arm, Neck and Knee	Alzheimer	60.42%
24	Augmented reality-based training system for hand rehabilitation	Liu, Jia	task performance	objective and subjective measures	performance analysis, questionnaire	20 heathy subjects	hand rehabilitation	Stroke	58.33%
25	Hand tracking and trajectory analysis for physical rehabilitation	Boato, G.	task performance	objective measures	task execution, performance analysis	was not informed	Hand	injuries or cognitive disabilities.	47.73%
26	Design and Assessment of a Remote Vibrotactile Biofeedback System for Neuromotor Rehabilitation Using Active Markers	Montaño-Murillo, R.	task performance	objective measures	performance analysis	8 patients	Upper limbs ( shoulders, elbows or wrists)	injuries	45.08%
27	Evaluation the Post-Stroke Patients Progress Using an Augmented Reality Rehabilitation System	Alamri, Atif	task performance	objective measures	task execution, performance analysis	15 healthy subjects	Hand, upper limb	Stroke	43.75%
28	Manipulating the experience of reality for rehabilitation applications	Regenbrecht, Holger	perception and cognition, UX	subjective measures, qualitative analysis, informal evaluations	questionnaire	(A) 24 participants; (B) 30 participants; (C) 43 participants; (D) 2 tests: 23 participants and 30 participants; (E) 100 physiotherapists, who evaluated the system in the role as a therapist and as a patient	Hands and Fingers	Stroke	43.18%
29	A Gesture Control System to Support Rehabilitation Exercises	Sousa, Kleber A.	task performance	objective measures	task execution, performance analysis	10 participants (19 to 24 years, 8 men e 2 women)	15 joints	injuries	40.91%
30	AR-Rehab: An augmented reality framework for post stroke-patient rehabilitation	Alamri, Atif	task performance	objective and subjective measures	task execution, performance analysis, questionnaire, observation	15 subjects	poststroke-patient rehabilitation of his / her hands and arms	Stroke	37.50%
31	Cloud-Based Rehabilitation Exergames System	Hoda, Mohamad	task performance, UX	objective and subjective measures	performance analysis, questionnaire	6 subjects	upper limb	Stroke	37.50%
32	Rehabilitation exercise with real-time muscle simulation based EMG and AR	Aung, Yee Mon	task performance	objective measures	questionnaire	5 healthy subjects	Shoulder	Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) and Stroke or Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)	25.00%