Review Article
A Review of the Nonsurgical Treatment of Oral Leukoplakia
Table 1
Nonsurgical treatments options for oral leukoplakia.
| Author | Therapy | Dose | Number of patients | Clinical resolution (%) | Follow-up (months) | Recurrence | Malignant transformation (%) |
| Benner et al. [66] | Systemic Alfa tocoferol | 400 IU | 43 | 20% | 24 | NR | NR | Garewal et al. [38] | Systemic Beta-carotene | 30 mg/day | 24 | 8% | 6 | NR | 8% |
Toma et al. [37] | Systemic Beta-carotene | 90 mg/day | 23 | 26% | 7 | 5% | NR | Sankaranarayanan et al. [31] | Systemic Beta-carotene | 360 mg | 46 | 54% | 12 | 5% | NR | Liede et al. [32] | Systemic Beta-carotene | 20 mg/day | 24 | NR | 60–84 | NR | NR | Garewal et al. [39] | Systemic Beta-carotene | 60 mg/day | 50 | 4% | 18 | 17% | 8% | Sankaranarayanan et al. [31] | Systemic Isotretinoin | 300.000 IU | 42 | 52% | 12 | 67% | NR |
Stich et al. [74] | Systemic Vitamin A | 200.000–300.000 IU | 21 | 57% | 12 | NR | NR | Nagao et al. [47] | Systemic Lycopene | NR | 48 | NR | NR | NR | NR | Singh et al. [48] | Systemic Lycopene | 4–8 mg | 58 | 25-55% | 3 | NR | NR | Hammersley et al. [24] | Topical Bleomycin | 0,5% | 8 | NR | 12 | NR | NR | Epstein et al. [25] | Topical Bleomycin | 1% | 19 | 32% | 40 | NR | 11% | Shah et al. [73] | Topical Vitamin A | 1–5 mg | 11 | 27% | 11 | 18% | NR | Epstein and Gorsky [78] | Topical Tretinoin | 0,05% gel | 26 | 27% | 42 | 40% | NR | Piattelli et al. [72] | Topical Isotretinoin | 1% | 10 | 10% | 48 | NR | NR | Lippman et al. [88] | Systemic 4 HPR | 200 mg/day | 35 | 0 | 9 | NR | 23% | Tradati et al. [87] | Topical 4 HPR | NR | 8 | 25% | NR | NR | NR | Kübler et al. (1998) | Topical PDT | ALA 20% | 20 | 25% | 3 | NR | NR | Siéron et al. [90] | Topical PDT | ALA 10% | 5 | 80% | 6 | 20% | NR |
Siero et al. [96] | Topical PDT | ALA 10% | 12 | 83% | 6 | 8% | NR | Chen et al. [97] | Systemic PDT | ALA | 24 | 33% | NR | NR | NR |
|
|
IU: International Unit; NR: not reported; 4 HPR: Fenretinide; PDT: Photodynamic therapy; ALA: Aminolevulenic acid.
|