Sociodemographic Variation of Caries Risk Factors in Toddlers and Caregivers

Table 4

Relationships of race/ethnicity, education, and income with questionnaire responses for snacking and drinking habits of the primary caregiver (PCG). Analyses were performed for each questionnaire item (items 80 through 82—see the appendix for questionnaire) using multivariable logistic regression models with race/ethnicity, income, and education as predictors. Race/ethnicity 𝑃-values are for the overall test of any difference among the three groups. 𝑁(%) for Race/Ethnicity, Odds Ratio (OR) for education and income. NH-AA = Non-Hispanic African-American, NH-W = Non-Hispanic White.

	PCG race/ethnicity				PCG education		PCG income
	Hispanic (𝑛=75)	NH-AA (𝑛=175)	NH-W (𝑛=141)	𝑃-value	OR	𝑃-value	OR	𝑃-value
PCG has snacks on most days	48(64%)	143(82%)	108(77%)	.0314	1.4	.0144	1.1	.3236
PCG usually snacks on candy	16(21%)	77(44%)	37(26%)	.0001	0.9	.4449	1.0	.7326
PCG usually snacks on cookies	27(36%)	81(46%)	49(35%)	.0140	1.0	.7664	1.1	.4027
PCG usually snacks on fresh fruit	46(61%)	98(56%)	69(49%)	.1863	1.2	.0874	1.0	.4175
PCG usually snacks on cake	21(28%)	52(30%)	13(9%)	.0002	0.9	.5992	1.0	.8133
PCG usually snacks on ice cream	25(33%)	59(34%)	28(20%)	.0143	1.1	.7390	1.0	.5263
PCG usually snacks on popcorn	15(20%)	73(42%)	47(33%)	.0111	1.1	.3649	1.1	.0372
PCG usually snacks on chips	24(32%)	118(67%)	57(40%)	.0001	1.1	.5857	1.0	.7557
PCG usually drinks water between meals	69(92%)	135(77%)	98(70%)	.0003	1.2	.3087	1.1	.0777
PCG usually drinks nondiet soda between meals	28(37%)	94(54%)	62(44%)	.0186	0.7	.0105	1.0	.4225
PCG usually drinks diet soda between meals	11(15%)	18(10%)	27(19%)	.2055	1.4	.0381	1.1	.2771
PCG usually drinks juice between meals	44(59%)	89(51%)	31(22%)	.0001	0.8	.0771	1.0	.4755
PCG usually drinks sugared fruit drink	36(48%)	45(26%)	17(12%)	.0001	0.9	.8146	0.9	.3596
PCG usually drinks milk between meals	35(47%)	41(23%)	40(28%)	.0054	0.9	.4149	0.9	.1142
PCG usually drinks tea between meals	8(11%)	32(18%)	45(32%)	.0006	1.0	.7849	0.9	.2744
PCG usually drinks coffee w/sugar between meals	21(28%)	12(7%)	13(9%)	.0001	0.9	.5356	1.1	.3277