[Retracted] Evaluation by an Aeronautic Dentist on the Adverse Effects of a Six-Week Period of Microgravity on the Oral Cavity

Table 1

The median (range) unstimulated salivary whole flow rate, compositions, biomarkers (sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate, protein, lactate dehygrogenase, MIP 1 alpha, malonaldehyde, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, thiocyanate, amylase activity, vitamins E, C), and mouth opening before and during last day of HDT in 10 healthy persons.

Parameters	Before HDT	Last day of HDT	𝑃 value
Flow rate (mL/min)	0.026 (0.01–0.03)	0.009 (0.008–0.02)	<0.01
Na (mM)	13 (8.0–15.0)	12 (9.0–18.2)	<0.01
K (mM)	23.6 (6.7–34.8)	22.2 (7.3–36.9)	<0.05
Total calcium (mM)	3.4 (1.4–4.6)	3.9 (2.4–4.8)	<0.01
Total phosphate (mM)	7.4 (1.3–11.3)	7.8 (2.1–12.1)	<0.01
Total protein (mg/mL)	4.4 (1.6–13.6)	4.5 (1.7–14.2)	<0.05
Cl (Mm)	22.3 (14.9–42.1)	22.0 (14.7–43.2)	<0.05
Total protein output (mg/min)	0.44 (0.23–0.96)	0.42 (0.26–0.85)	<0.001
Amylase activity (micro kat/L)	324 (145–567)	262 (112–345)	<0.001
Vitamins E (mg/mL)	0.56 (0.32–0.76)	0.51 (0.31–0.73)	<0.005
Vitamins C (mg/mL)	0.35 (0.12–54)	0.32 (0.09–0.52)	<0.05
Lactate dehygrogenase (IU/L)	2.4 (1.2–3.4)	2.3 (1.6–3.7)	<0.05
MIP 1 alpha (pg/mL)	17.6 (12.6–21.5)	18.1 (13.2–22.4)	<0.01
Malonaldehyde (ng/mL)	2.46 (1.45–4.34)	2.65 (1.67–4.89)	<0.05
8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (ng/mL)	0.66 (0.45–1.34)	0.78 (0.51–1.43)	<0.001
Thiocyanate (U/L)	34.3 (21.7–56.9)	39.8 (22.7–57)	<0.001
Mouth opening (In cm)	45.4 (34.6–53.2)	42.3 (31.5–49.6)	<0.005