Qat Chewing as an Independent Risk Factor for Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 2
Descriptive statistics of CPI scores by risk factors.
Maximum CPI score
(%)
0
1
2
3
4
Mean, SD
Age group*
20–24 y
1 (1.0)
18 (18.2)
15 (15.2)
65 (65.6)
0 (0.0)
1.55, 0.55
25–29 y
1 (0.8)
13 (10.4)
14 (11.2)
93 (74.4)
4 (3.2)
1.73, 0.61
30–34 y
0 (0.0)
7 (8.5)
7 (8.5)
67 (81.7)
1 (1.3)
1.84, 0.62
35–39 y
2 (2.6)
3 (3.9)
8 (10.6)
57 (75.0)
6 (7.9)
2.10, 0.72
40–44 y
1 (1.5)
4 (6.2)
3 (4.6)
48 (73.8)
9 (13.8)
2.15, 0.18
45–50 y
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
5 (9.4)
42 (79.2)
6 (11.4)
2.23, 0.66
Gender*
Male
4 (1.1)
22 (5.9)
32 (8.6)
293 (78.8)
21 (5.6)
1.97, 0.67
Female
1 (0.8)
23 (18.0)
20 (15.6)
79 (61.7)
5 (3.9)
1.61, 0.68
Oral hygiene status*
Good
3 (6.1)
21 (42.8)
4 (8.2)
21 (42.9)
0 (0.0)
1.04, 0.62
Fair
0 (0.0)
21 (12.4)
22 (13.0)
120 (71.0)
6 (3.6)
1.57, 0.46
Poor
2 (0.7)
3 (1.1)
26 (9.2)
231 (81.9)
20 (7.1)
2.21, 0.61
Educational statusNS
Illiterate
1 (1.1)
5 (5.6)
6 (7.9)
71 (79.8)
5 (5.6)
1.99, 0.67
Primary
3 (0.9)
32 (10.1)
36 (11.4)
230 (72.8)
15 (4.7)
1.86, 0.71
High
1 (1.1)
8 (8.4)
9 (9.5)
71 (74.7)
6 (6.3)
1.81, 0.66
Smoking status*
Smokers
2 (1.1)
4 (2.30)
14 (8.0)
142 (81.7)
12 (6.9)
2.04, 0.66
Nonsmokers
3 (0.9)
41 (12.6)
38 (11.7)
230 (70.5)
14 (4.3)
1.78, 0.69
Chewing status*
Chewers
3 (0.8)
20 (5.0)
29 (7.3)
325 (81.2)
23 (5.7)
1.99, 0.65
Nonchewers
2 (2.0)
25 (25.0)
23 (23.0)
47 (47.0)
3 (3.0)
1.43, 0.69
Intraoral site*
Chewing sides
5 (1.3)
69 (17.2)
13 (3.3)
299 (74.7)
14 (3.5)
2.33, 0.83
Nonchewing sides
12 (3.0)
154 (38.5)
39 (9.7)
186 (46.5)
9 (2.3)
1.85, 0.90
Overall
5 (1.0)
45 (9.0)
52 (10.4)
372 (74.4)
26 (5.2)
1.87, 0.69
Significant differences between/among subgroups in CPI maximum score distribution and mean score (); Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal Wallis, or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests as appropriate. Not significant. CPI codes—0: healthy; 1: bleeding on probing; 2: calculus detected on probing; 3: pocket depth 4-5 mm; 4: pocket depth 6 mm or more.
