Qat Chewing as an Independent Risk Factor for Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 5

Independent predictors of mean CPI and CAL—multiple ordinal logistic regression model#.

Predictor	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	𝑃
Mean CPI∗
Age	1.07	1.05–1.10	<0.0001
Oral hygiene status	9.58	5.63–16.31	<0.0001
Cigarette smoking	5.46	1.13–27.50	0.037
Education level	0.36	0.19–0.70	0.002
Mean CAL∗∗
Age	1.10	1.07–1.14	<0.0001
Oral hygiene status	3.05	2.33–4.00	<0.0001
Education level	0.36	0.19–0.70	0.003
Cigarette smoking	8.75	6.37–44.00	0.008
Qat chewing status	4.47	1.07–20.50	0.049

#Model assumptions are fulfilled: dependent variable is ordinal; Pearson or/and deviance statistics not significant (model well-fitted).
∗Adjusted for gender, water-pipe smoking, qat chewing status, and interaction terms.
∗∗Adjusted for gender, water-pipe smoking, and interaction terms.