Experiment #1 Test groups:Group #1: laser ( Group #2: PDT + PS in water () Group #3: NaOCl () Group #4: PDT + PS in Mix () Control groups:Group #5: no treatment (): positive control Experiment #2 Test groups: Group #1: PDT + PS in water () Group #2: PDT + PS in Mix () Group #3: cleaning and shaping () Group #4: PDT + PS in Mix + cleaning and shaping () Control groups: Group #5: no treatment (): positive control
5.25
E. faecalis (ATCC29212)
MB 100 M PIT: NS Dissolved in water and MIX
Model PPM35 660 nm IT: 1200 s
Cell viability CFU (log10)
NaOCl showed best results that conventional PDT.
Sample: 85 freshly extracted uniradicular human teeth
Test groups:Group #1: 0.1% EDTA + 0.1% H2O2 (1 min) Group #2: 0.1% EDTA + 0.1% Chx (1 min) Group #3: MB 15 (PIT = 5 min) 1 min LASER Group #4: MB 100 (no PIT) 1 min LASER Group #5: MB 100 (PIT = 5 min) 1 min LASER Group #6: MB 100 (PIT = 5 min) + 0.1% EDTA + 0.1% H2O2 1 min LASER Group #7: MB 100 (PIT = 5 min) + 0.1% EDTA + 0.1% Chx 1 min LASER Group #8: 2% CHX 1 min Group #9: 1% NaOCl 1 min Group #10: 2% NaOCl 1 min Control groups: Group #11: 1 mL of sterile water for 6 min: positive control
1.0 2.0
E. faecalis (VP3-181, VP3-180, Gel 31, and Gel 32)
Modified PDT killed 20 times more than conventional PDT and up to 8 times more than 2% CHX and 1% NaOCl.
Sample: Bacterial plaque from 3 adult volunteers used in 4 strains of E. faecalis (originally isolated from root canals of the teeth with periapical lesions)
Test groups:Group #1: NaOCl () Group #2: EndoActivator + NaOCl () Group #3: Diode laser () Group #4: PDT () Group #5: PDT + 3D Endoprobe () Control groups: Group #6: NaCl (): positive control
2.5
E. faecalis (ATCC29212)
Phenothiazine chloride/TBO 10 mg mL−1/155 g mL−1 PIT: 60, 120 s
Helbo and Laser HF 660 nm IT: 60 s The 2 lasers have the same wavelength.
SEM Cell viability CFU (log10) PCR
PDT using both laser systems and the sonic activated NaOCl irrigation were significantly more effective than diode irradiation and single NaOCl.
Sample: 120 uniradicular human teeth (mandibular incisors and maxillary second premolar extracted because of periodontal disease or extensive carious lesions without root caries or previous endodontic treatment)
Test groups:Group #1: NaOCl (0.5%, 1.0% or 3.0%) for 30, 60, or 600 s () Group #2: NaOCl (0.5%, 1.0% or 3.0%) for 30, 60, or 600 s + neutralizing solution () Group #3: PDT () Control groups Group #4: TBO (only) () Group #5: laser (only) () Group #6: apical section as sterile control: negative control Group #7: middle section to confirm successful infection: positive control
0.5 1.0 3.0
E. faecalis (ATCC29212)
TBO NS PIT: 60 s
Pact 200 system 635 nm IT: 240, 360 s
Cell viability CFU (log10) SEM
The antibacterial PDT system did not achieve sufficient disinfection when compared to NaOCl.
Sample: roots of freshly extracted permanent bovine mandibular incisors (total number of teeth unknown)
Test groups:Group #1: PDT with Aseptim Plus - LED disinfection system () Group #2: PDT with diode laser Group #3: PUI + 17% EDTA + 2.6% NaOCl Control groups Group #4: no inoculation () negative control Group #5: with inoculation (): positive control
2.6
E. faecalis S. salivarius (ATCC7073) P. gingivalis (ATCC 33277) P. intermedia
TBO 15 g mL−1] PIT: 60 s
LED 635 nm Diode laser 650 nm : 120 s
SEM Scores for levels of infection (Bonsor et al. 2006 [35, 73])
The group treated with PUI + 2.5% NaOCl + 17% EDTA solution has the best results when compared to PDT with 2 different light sources.
Sample: 30 roots obtained from 50 extracted human single and multirooted teeth
Experiment #1 E. faecalis () Test groups:Group #1: PDT (1 min) () Group #2: PDT (3 min) () Group #3: PDT (5 min) () Group #4: NaOCl + PBS () Group #5: NaOCl + 10 sec passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) () Control groups: Group #6: no treatment (): positive control Experiment #2 C. albicans () Test groups: Group #1: PDT (1 min) () Group #2: PDT (3 min) () Group #3: PDT (5 min) () Group #4: NaOCl + PBS () Group #5: NaOCl + 10 sec PUI () Control groups: Group #6: no treatment (): positive control
2.5
E. faecalis (ATC29121) Candida albicans (ATCC60193)
Phenothiazine chloride 10 mg mL−1] PIT: 60 s
HELBO 660 nm IT: 60, 180, 300 s
Flow cytometry SEM Cell viability CFU (log10)
Irrigation with NaOCl showed similar results to 5 min irradiation of PDT.