Study type
Year
Author Laser Photosensitizer PDT outcomes Wavelength (nm) Diameter of fiber ( m) Working length (WL) EL Power of output (mW) Power of density (mW/cm2 ) Energy fluence (J/cm2 ) Type Concentration ( g/mL) + − In vitro , 16 studies2002 Seal et al. [63 ] 632.8 Without fiber Light at the orifice of the access cavity 35 — 42.9, 63.3, 85.7, 214.3, 428.6 TBO 12.5, 25, 50, 100 − 2006 Silva Garcez et al. [57 ] 685 365 WL-1 mm Helicoidal movements, from apical to cervical 50 — —
AZpaste 0.01% AZ paste + 2007 Garcez et al. [34 ] 660 200 WL Spiral movements, from apical to cervical 40 — 5, 10, 20 e 40 PEI/e6 NS + 2008 George and Kishen [59 , 103 ] 664 400 NS NS 30 — 63.69 MB 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 M + 2009 Meire et al. [64 ] 635 400 WL IV: static spherical tip in the centre of the liquid EV: 70% of the light radially as a cylinder uniformly and 30% at the tip; moved up and down in the canal 100 — — TBO 12.7 mg mL−1 − Souza et al. [65 ] 660 300 NS Spiral movements from apical to cervical 40 — — MB/TBO 15/15 − 2011 Nagayoshi et al. [62 ] 805 400 WL NS 5000 — — Indocyanine green 12. mg mL−1 ≈ 2011 Nunes et al. [66 ] Study with and without fiber 660 Without fiber Handpiece placed in root canal orifice 216 WL Spiral movements from apical to cervical90 300 — MB 100 − Poggio et al. [67 ] 628 500 WL-3 mm Endotip guide to the apical parts — — — TBO 100 − Rios et al. [68 ] 628 NS WL-2/3 mm NS — — — TBO NS − 2012 Cheng et al. [69 ] Nd:YAG 1064 nm]Nd:YAG 200 WL-1 Spiral movement— — — MB 50 − Er:YAG 2940 nm]Er:YAG 300 Orifice of root canal NS Er,Cr:YSGG 2780 nm]Er,Cr:YSGG 415 WL-1 NS Diode 660 nm]Diode 2000 WL-3 mm NS Vaziri et al. [70 ] 625 Without fiber — 200 12 TBO 15 − Pileggi et al. [60 ] 380–500 10.4 mm Light source 20 mm away from the bacteria NS — 450 108 Eosin-Y RB Curcumin BS ] All 1 M Biofilms Eosin-Y 100 M RB/curcumin 10 M+ 2014 Bumb et al. [61 ] 910 NS WL-2 mm Circular movements, from apical to cervical 1000 — — MB 25 mg mL−1 +
2015 Gergova et al. [71 ] 660 200 WL Helicoidal traction movements, from apical to cervical 100 — — TBO 0.1 mg mL−1 − 2015 Wang et al. [72 ] 670 400 NS NS 50 — — MB 60 M − In vivo , 6 studies2006 Bonsor et al. [35 , 73 ] 633 Flexible hollow tube WL-4 mm Moved up and down about 3 mm at 20 s 100 — — TBO 12.7 mg mL−1 + Bonsor et al. [35 , 73 ] 633 Flexible emitter tip WL-4 mm Moved up and down about 3 mm at 20 s 100 — — TBO NS + 2008 Garcez et al. [58 ] 660 300 WL Spiral movements, from apical to cervical 40 — — PEI/e6 60 mol L−1 + 2010 Garcez et al. [74 ] 660 200 WL-1 mm Spiral movements 40 — — PEI/e6 ≈19 + 2013 Prabhakar et al. [75 ] Deciduous teeth 660 Without fiber 30 8.6 MB 50 + 2014 Jurič et al. [76 ] 660 450 WL Static 100 — — Phenothiazinium chloride + Ex vivo , 7 studies2009 Lim et al. [77 ] 660 400 Root canal orifice Static 30 — — MB 100 M −
2011 Ng et al. [78 ] 665 250 10 mm 360° — 100 30 MB 50 g mL−1 + Stojicic et al. [5 ] 660 NS BS ] Long optical fiber with a diameter 0.4 mm Biofilm Conical frustum tip with the end diameter of 5 mm NS 40 — — MB [BS] 15 mol L−1 Biofilm 100 mol L−1 + Bago et al. [79 ] 660 320 WL Spiral movements, from apical to cervical 100 — — Phenothiazine chloride/TBO 10 mg mL−1 /155 + 2013 Hecker et al. [80 ] 635 Without fiber 200 — — TBO NS − 2014 Muhammad et al. [82 ] 650 300 WL Moved all along the canals 20 — — TBO 15 g mL−1 − Xhevdet et al. [81 ] 660 NS WL Light at the tip and from the lateral sides 100 100 — Phenothiazine chloride 10 mg mL−1 ≈