Oral Gingival Cell Cigarette Smoke Exposure Induces Muscle Cell Metabolic Disruption

Figure 1

CSE-treated gingival cell conditioned medium alters myotube mitochondrial function. Myotubes were treated with conditioned medium (12 h) from gingival cells that had previously been treated with normal medium (CON) or cigarette smoke extract (CSE). To measure mitochondrial respiration ((a); ), cells were treated with GM_L: glutamate (10 mM) + malate (2 mM); GM_D: + ADP (2.5 mM); GMS_D: + succinate (10 mM); GMS_F: + FCCP (0.05 μM). Respiratory control ratio (RCR; (b)) and uncoupling control ratio (UCR; (c)) were determined by the analysis indicated. In separate experiments, myotubes were incubated with MitoTracker and imaged for analysis of H₂O₂ production ((d); ). : CSE versus CON.

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