Association between Self-Reported Bruxism and Sleeping Patterns among Dental Students in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 1

Sleeping habits and sleeping disturbances in bruxers and nonbruxers among dental students in Saudi Arabia.

Sleeping habits & sleeping disturbances		Bruxer	Nonbruxer		value
Q1: Do you face any difficulty in initiating sleep?	Never/Seldom	29.5% (49)	47.7% (177)	22.6	0.000
	Sometimes	41.6% (69)	38.2% (142)
	Almost every night	28.9% (48)	14% (52)
	Total	100% (166)	100% (371)
Q2: Do you sleep continuously until morning or is your sleep disturbed?	Always disturbed	36.8% (61)	20.7% (77)	19.2	0.001
	Sometimes disturbed	36.7% (61)	37.2% (138)
	Continuous sleep till morning	26.5% (44)	42.1% (156)
	Total	100% (166)	100% (371)
Q3: Do you wake up early without a cause before the usual time?	Never/Seldom	36.3% (61)	51.5% (190)	16.3	0.000
	Sometimes	33.3% (56)	32.1% (119)
	Almost every day/night	30.4% (51)	16.4% (61)
	Total	100% (168)	100% (370)
Q4: Do you face difficulty in falling asleep again?	Never/Seldom	38.2% (60)	42.3% (139)	4.22	0.12
	Sometimes	28.7% (45)	33.4% (110)
	Almost every day/night	33.1% (52)	24.3% (80)
	Total	100% (157)	100% (329)
Q5: How many hours do you sleep every night?	3–6 h	21.7% (36)	35% (126)	20.2	0.000
	6–9 h	40.3% (67)	44.2% (159)
	More than 9 h	38% (63)	20.8% (75)
	Total	100% (166)	100% (360)
Q6: Do you have a fixed time of going to bed every night?	Yes	28.6% (48)	29.9% (110)	0.09	0.76
	No	71.4% (120)	70.1% (258)
	Total	100% (168)	100% (368)
Q7: Approximately when do you go to bed every night?	Before 12 o’clock	36.2% (22)	34.1% (44)	12.1	0.44
	At 12 o’clock	55.8% (34)	44.3% (57)
	After 12 o’clock	8% (5)	21.6% (28)
	Total
Q8: Do you feel sleepy in class?	Never/Seldom	68.9% (115)	72.6% (267)	2.16	0.34
	Sometimes	22.8% (38)	22.3% (82)
	Almost every day/night	8.3% (14)	5.1% (19)
	Never/Seldom	68.9% (115)	72.6% (267)
Q9: Do you feel tired and sleepy during the day?	Never/Seldom	26.2% (44)	26.1% (97)	0.24	0.89
	Sometimes	50.6% (85)	48.8% (181)
	Almost every day/night	23.2% (39)	25.1% (93)
	Total	100% (168)	100% (371)
Q10: Do you face difficulty in awakening in the morning?	Never/Seldom	37.5% (63)	37% (138)	0.57	0.75
	Sometimes	34.5% (58)	37.5% (140)
	Almost every day/night	28% (47)	25.5% (95)
	Total	100% (168)	100% (373)
Q11: Do you experience nightmares?	Never/Seldom	55.3% (93)	68.5% (254)	13.72	0.001
	Sometimes	29.8% (50)	25.3% (94)
	Almost every day/night	14.9% (25)	6.2% (23)
	Total	100% (168)	100% (371)
Q12: Do you consume coffee in the evening?	Never/Seldom	54.2% (91)	56.8% (209)	1.9	0.39
	Sometimes	21.4% (36)	23.9% (88)
	Almost every night	24.4% (41)	19.3% (71)
	Total	100% (168)	100% (368)
Q13: Do you consume sleeping pills?	Never/Seldom	91.1% (153)	95.4% (353)	3.9	0.14
	Sometimes	7.7% (13)	4.1% (15)
	Almost every night	1.2% (2)	0.5% (2)
	Total	100% (168)	100% (370)
Q14: Do you fall asleep in class?	Yes	20% (33)	14.6% (54)	2.41	0.12
	No	80% (132)	85.4% (315)
	Total	100% (165)	100% (369)
Q15: How long do you take to fall sleep [sic] every night?	30 min or less	48.3% (71)	59.8% (186)	12.9	0.17
	60 min or more	51.7% (76)	40.2% (125)
	Total	100% (147)	100% (311)
Q16: Do you nap during the day?	Never	21.0% (35)	21.8% (80)	2.1	0.35
	Seldom	43.1% (72)	36.8% (135)
	Sometimes	35.9% (60)	41.4% (152)
	Total	100% (167)	100% (367)
Q17: How many naps do you take during the day?	No naps	7.1% (13)	9.3% (34)	3.9	0.70
	One nap	64.2% (106)	56.6% (206)
	More than one nap	28.7% (44)	34.1% (124)
	Total	100% (163)	100% (364)
Q18: What is the duration of your daytime naps?	1-2 h or less	34.8% (50)	37.7% (109)	28.35	0.000
	2-3 h	8.3% (12)	24.9% (72)
	More than 3 h	56.9% (82)	37.4% (108)
	Total	100% (144)	100% (289)

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