|
| Author | Sp Sw therapy | Speech/voice tests | Speech/voice outcomes | Sw tests | Sw outcomes | ET |
|
| Lehman et al. [19] | NR | NR | NR | Subjective analysis | Improvement to swallow saliva and semisolids | 2 weeks |
| Moore [20] | Yes | Spontaneous speech | Improvement spontaneous speech, resonance, voice quality | Cine-MRI
subjective analysis | Sw of a variety of foods | 4 m |
| Leonard and Gillis [21] | Yes | Vowel intelligibility | Improved vowels from 48% to 64% | Clinical evaluation | Sw of saliva improved | 4 m |
| Gillis and Leonard [22] | Yes | Vowels, consonants; acoustic analysis of vowels formants | Improved: vowels 48 to 64%/; consonant: 82 to 90% and F1, F2, F3 | Clinical evaluation | Sw semisolids improved | 6–8 m |
| Knowles et al. [23] | Yes | Spontaneous speech | Improved spontaneous speech | Subjective analysis | Improvement global Sw | IE |
| Ballard et al. [24] | Yes | Word, sentence intelligibility | Word intelligibility: 56%
sentence intelligibility: 84% | VF | Improved Sw soft foods
| IE |
| Davis et al. [25] | Yes | CVC plosives intelligibility | Improvement 20%: /t/ and /d/;
33%: /k/ and /g/ | VF swallow liquids | Reduction of pharyngeal transit, dry swallows, oral/ pharyngeal residues | 1 year |
| Izdebski et al. [26] | Yes | Conversational intelligibility and vowels and plosives acoustic analysis | Intelligibility markedly improved.
Formants achieved partial transitions.
Restoration of high-frequency bursts | NR | NR | IE |
| Meyer Jr. et al. [27] | Yes | Spontaneous speech | Worsened of Speech Intelligibility
PAP interfered tongue residual movements | VF liquid and paste | Increase Sw speed, pool reduced, no aspiration | IE |
| Godoy et al. [28] | Yes | Spontaneous speech | Articulation with substitutions with approximations of target phonemes | VF | Improving bolus propulsion into the
pharynx, aspiration decreased to 5% | IE |
| Kaplan [15] | NR | NR | NR | Clinical evaluation | Sw soft and solid foods
increasing the amount of food placed in the mouth | IE |
| Shimodaira et al. [29] | NR | Syllables, conversational speech | Speech from unintelligible to adequate syllables from 19% correct to 74% | Clinical evaluation of oral transit | Oral transit time 72 to 27 seconds for thin, Sw of thick made possible | IE |
| Çötert and Aras [30] | NR | Words | Vowel intelligibility from 41 to 57%; consonant from 71 to 84%. | Clinical evaluation | Saliva swallowed with little effort. Head in a vertical position | 1 m |
| Martins et al. [31] | Yes | Acoustic analysis: vowels and automatic speech | Improved articulation, increase in F1, F2, F3 decrease in jitter, shimmer, NHR, nasal resonance speech rate | VF liquid and
thin paste | Reduction of pharyngeal residues and reduction laryngeal elevation | IE |
| Goiato and Fernandes [32] | Yes | Spontaneous speech | Improvement in speech articulation | Clinical evaluation | Improved
masticatory efficiency | IE |
| Pigno and Funk [16] | NR | Spontaneous speech | From intelligible with careful listening to intelligible although noticeably different | Subjective analysis | Sw had worse PAP interfered adaptive swallow | IE, 6 m |
| Penn et al. [33] | NR | NR | NR | Subjective analysis | Improvement in Sw of solid foods | 2 y |
| Dhamankar et al. [34] | Yes | NR | The patient did need a speech therapist
to increase the clarity of speech | Subjective analysis | Comfortable swallowing | IE |
| Laaksonen et al. [35] | Yes | Acoustic analysis of vowels
/i, I, Λ, u/ and sibilants /s, z, ∫/ | Vowels F1, F2 closer to preoperative level; moderate effect on /s, z/ | NR | NR | 2 y |
| Bachher and Dholam [5] | Yes | Continuous speech, acoustic analysis: “ee”, “kaap”, “keep”, “kuup”/phonetically balanced passage | Increase in habitual frequency, voice intensity; decrease in jitter
and shimmer and voice was more stable and better resonated | Sw questionnaire
based on dietary habits of Indians | Sw from liquids to semisolids | 6 m
12 y |
| Bhirangi et al. [36] | NR | Fricative and palatal sounds intelligibility | Fricative and palatal sounds improved audibly
| Clinical evaluation | Liquid diet to semisolids
without apparent aspiration | 6 m |
| Sabouri et al. [37] | NR | Spontaneous speech | Improvement in speech intelligibility, before it was unintelligible | Clinical evaluation | Liquids to pureed or blended foods with head in an upright position | 1 m |
| Okuno et al. [38] | Yes | Speech intelligibility scores | Speech intelligibility: PAP 50% to 65% PAP + LAP 50% to 73% | VF liquid | Improved oral transit;
reduced oral residues; no penetration/aspiration | IE |
| Abdulhadi [39] | Yes | Spontaneous speech | Improvement in speech intelligibility | Subjective analysis | Easy swallowing | IE |
| Koyama et al. [40] | NR | NR | NR | VF (2.5, 5, 7.5 ml of gelatin) | All could propel all three volumes of gelatin | IE |
| Lauciello et al. [41] | Yes | Spontaneous speech | 3 PG: speech intelligibility improved and 1 TG: unable function of speech | Clinical evaluation | Nasogastric tube to liquid or thin liquids | 1 m |
| Leonard and Gillis [18] | NI | Speech intelligibility, consonant scores and F2 vowels | Improvement: consonants 9–21%, F2: 8–21%: IF: 8–22%, better in TG patient | NR | NR | 6 m |
| Okayama et al. [42] | Yes | NR | NR | Sw of saliva and US tongue movement | Duration of lingual movement decreased
| 38 m |
| Cantor et al. [43] | NI | Words /K, G/ intelligibility | Severe group: improved +15.8–36
Moderate group: worsened −1.6–10.6 | NR | NR | 2 weeks |
| Wheeler et al. [44] | Yes | Spontaneous speech | Speech intelligibility improved: 6–18% | VF liquids, thin paste, thick paste | Oral and pharyngeal time reduced for all foods | 4–6 weeks |
| Robbins et al. [45] | Yes | Target sounds/rainbow passage/spontaneous speech | Improvement in articulation: IE 4.5; after 6 m: 3.4 | Oral transit clinical analysis: thin, thick | IE: 3.5/6 m: 2.2 aspiration reduced | IE, 3 m,
6 m |
| Weber et al. [46] | Yes | Speech spontaneous scale | Speech was good or fair: 7/18 (PAP), 10/18: (PAP + laryngeal suspension) | Clinical and VF | 13/18 achieved oral alimentation | NR |
| De Carvalho-Teles et al. [4] | Yes | Speech spontaneous scores and analysis of formants of vowels | Speech spontaneous scores improved: 8.8 to 9.4. increase in F1, F2, F3 values | NR | NR | 9.3 m |
|
