Cephalometrics of Pharyngeal Airway Space in Lebanese Adults

Table 2

Descriptive analysis of the selected cephalometric pharyngeal airway space variables in each of the 3 skeletal groups without gender differences. M: males; F: females; NS: nonsignificant differences. refers to statistically significant differences between classes.

Variables	Class I; (M = 13; F = 17)	Class II; (M = 20; F = 47)	p value	Class II; (M = 20; F = 47)	Class III; (M = 15; F = 5)	p value	Class I; (M = 13; F = 17)	Class III; (M = 15; F = 5)	p value
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD		Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD		Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Nasopharynx
Adenoid
PPW Ad2-PNS (mm)	25.0 ± 3.9	24.1 ± 3.3	NS	24.1 ± 3.3	24.1 ± 4.2	NS	25.01 ± 3.85	24.1 ± 4.2	NS
PPW Ad1-PNS (mm)	28.6 ± 3.4	28.1 ± 3.4	NS	28.1 ± 3.4	28.1 ± 2.9	NS	28.57 ± 3.43	28.1 ± 3.0	NS
PPW-PNS (mm)	29.7 ± 3.0	29.1 ± 3.2	NS	29.1 ± 3.2	29.2 ± 3.1	NS	29.69 ± 3.00	29.2 ± 3.1	NS
Oropharynx
Soft palate and retropalatal area
Uvula area (mm^2)	275.9 ± 73.6	260.5 ± 58.4	NS	260.5 ± 58.4	308.6 ± 68.8		275.9 ± 73.6	308.6 ± 68.8	NS
Uvula thickness (mm)	10.6 ± 2.4	9.2 ± 1.6	NS	9.2 ± 1.6	10.5 ± 2.2		10.2 ± 2.4	10.5 ± 2.3	NS
PNS-P (mm)	36.4 ± 4.5	37.4 ± 4.5	NS	37.4 ± 4.5	38.8 ± 4.8	NS	36.4 ± 4.5	38.8 ± 4.8	NS
ANS-PNS-P angle (degree)	132.2 ± 6.0	131.6 ± 5.9	NS	131.6 ± 5.9	131.3 ± 7.3	NS	132.1 ± 6.0	131.3 ± 7.3	NS
PPW-P uvula (mm)	10.9 ± 2.7	10.4 ± 3.0	NS	10.4 ± 3.0	10.6 ± 2.5	NS	10.9 ± 2.8	10.6 ± 2.5	NS
PPW-uvula dorsum (mm)	12.8 ± 4.2	12.7 ± 3.9	NS	12.7 ± 3.9	11.5 ± 4.5	NS	12.8 ± 4.2	11.5 ± 4.5	NS
PPW-UvOp (mm)	9.8 ± 3.0	9.4 ± 3.1	NS	9.4 ± 3.1	8.7 ± 3.1	NS	9.8 ± 3.0	8.7 ± 3.1	NS
Retroglossal
PPW-TgOp (mm)	24.2 ± 18.3	19.5 ± 10.3	NS	19.5 ± 10.3	20.3 ± 7.5	NS	24.2 ± 18.3	20.3 ± 7.5	NS
PPW-GoB (mm)	7.6 ± 4.8	6.6 ± 4.7	NS	6.6 ± 4.7	7.5 ± 4.2	NS	7.6 ± 4.8	7.5 ± 4.2	NS
PPW-tongue base (mm)	11.0 ± 4.2	11.6 ± 4.0	NS	11.6 ± 4.1	14.0 ± 5.9	NS	11.0 ± 4.2	14.0 ± 5.9	NS
Eb-PNS (mm)	71.6 ± 9.6	71.3 ± 8.2	NS	71.3 ± 8.2	75.2 ± 9.5	NS	71.6 ± 9.6	75.2 ± 9.5	NS
Tongue
Eb-TT (mm)	83.9 ± 6.0	83.7 ± 6.5	NS	83.7 ± 6.4	85.1 ± 8.0	NS	83.9 ± 6.0	85.1 ± 8.0	NS
TgH (mm)	39.2 ± 4.7	38.9 ± 5.9	NS	38.9 ± 5.9	40.6 ± 4.7	NS	39.2 ± 4.7	40.6 ± 4.7	NS
Eb-Tg dorsum (mm)	66.8 ± 8.6	68.5 ± 8.7	NS	68.5 ± 8.7	70.0 ± 10.1	NS	66.8 ± 8.6	70.0 ± 10.1	NS
TgH dorsum (mm)	40.1 ± 5.7	40.5 ± 6.3	NS	40.5 ± 6.3	41.8 ± 5.6	NS	40.1 ± 5.6	41.8 ± 5.6	NS
Hypopharynx
Epiglottis
PPW-Eb (mm)	21.9 ± 12.0	19.2 ± 4.2	NS	19.2 ± 4.2	21.2 ± 5.1	NS	21.9 ± 12.0	21.2 ± 5.1	NS