Zinc, Copper, and Iron in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics and moderators of studies included in the meta-analysis investigating differences in levels of zinc, copper, and iron between healthy controls and subjects with oral submucous fibrosis.

Author, year (reference)	Biomarker	Age	Men (%)	Sample size (n)		Effect size
				Patient	Control	Zinc	Copper	Iron
Gupta et al., 1987 [12]	Serum	35	65	40	10	0.112	1.264	—^b
Varghese et al., 1987 [50]	Serum	38.85	16	50	50	−3.800	−6.541	—^b
Rajendran et al., 1992 [49]	Serum	—^a	—^a	50	50	—^b	—^b	−30.170
Anuradha and Devi, 1995 [27]	Plasma	—^a	—^a	22	22	−5.436	−5.730	−8.461
Luqumun et al., 2003 [50]	Serum	17–40	67	15	15	—^b	1.846	−0.349
Pillai and Burde, 2005 [32]	Serum	23.40	—^a	40	31	—^b	−0.427	—^b
Khanna and Karjodkar, 2006 [52]	Serum	25–70	83	30	30	—^b	0.862	−3.156
Nayak et al., 2010 [65]	Serum	22–60	95	20	20	−0.345	−0.404	—^b
Balpande and Sathawane, 2010 [23]	Serum	—^a	—^a	30	30	−2.386	4.572	−8.975
Shettar, 2010 [31]	Serum	29.60	80	30	30	−1.806	0.975	—^b
Tadakamadla et al., 2011 [33]	Serum	18–70	90	50	50	—^b	1.145	−0.579
Ayinamudi and Narsimhan, 2012 [63]	Serum	23–62	67	15	6	0.959	1.683	—^b
Shetty et al., 2012 [53]	Serum	—^a	—^a	65	21	—^b	—^b	−0.452
Shetty et al., 2012 [53]	Saliva	—^a	—^a	65	21	—^b	—^b	−0.399
Hegde et al., 2012 [66]	Serum	26.85	85	15	60	—^b	—^b	−3.501
Neethi et al., 2013 [55]	Serum	36.53	73	30	30	−0.521	0.758	—^b
Khanna et al., 2013 [34]	Serum	36.85	—^a	30	30	0.216	0.809	—^b
Kode and Karjodkar, 2013 [28]	Serum	—^a	—^a	30	15	1.424	0.205	−0.642
Kode and Karjodkar, 2013 [28]	Saliva	—^a	—^a	30	15	0.497	0.512	−0.517
Kapoora et al., 2013 [24]	Serum	15–55	84	50	50	−17.943	83.349	−37.786
Shetty et al., 2013 [54]	Serum	—^a	94	50	50	−4.932	—^b	−9.023
Hosthor et al., 2014 [29]	Serum	—^a	—^a	30	30	−4.612	6.336	−4.729
Gurprasad et al., 2014 [56]	Serum	32.5	90	50	35	—^b	—^b	−2.853
Shetty et al., 2015 [30]	Saliva	—^a	—^a	50	50	−2.485	10.989	−14.582
Yadav et al., 2015 [35]	Saliva	28.6	84	50	50	−1.112	1.644	—^b
Okade et al., 2015 [36]	Saliva	24.3	97	30	30	—^b	0.291	−1.862
Hafeez et al., 2015 [57]	Serum	49	88.8	89	89	—^b	—^b	−0.601
Saurabh et al., 2015 [58]	Serum	18–45	83.3	30	30	—^b	—^b	−3.901
Srilekha, 2015 [37]	Serum	30–50	60	22	22	−0.223	2.545	—^b
Mohammed et al., 2016 [61]	Saliva	32.73	90	30	30	—^b	1.772	—^b
Kallalli et al., 2016 [59]	Serum	20–60	78	30	10	—^b	—^b	−7.002
Tiwari et al., 2016 [38]	Serum	41.1	75	40	30	—^b	2.349	−2.074
More and Patel, 2016 [26]	Serum	32.43	73	30	30	−10.576	3.015	—^b
Kumar et al., 2016 [64]	Serum	42.6	89	35	35	—^b	0.927	−0.508
Bhardwaj et al., 2016 [62]	Serum	16–65	83	40	40	—^b	—^b	−2.085
Thakur and Guttikonda, 2017 [60]	Serum	—^a	—^a	40	40	—^b	—^b	−1.966

^aNot reported in the primary study. ^bNot measured in the primary study.