Three-Dimensional Changes of the Auditory Canal in a Three-Year Period during Adolescence Using CBCTs

Table 1

Mean measurement errors in X, Y, and Z coordinates for each landmark.

Landmark	Mean			SD
	X	Y	Z	X	Y	Z
Crista galli (CG)	0.16	0.47	0.10	0.07	0.05	0.12
Left foramen ovale (FO)	0.51	0.52	0.55	0.33	0.31	0.50
Right foramen ovale (FO)	0.55	0.45	0.47	0.36	0.25	0.27
Left foramen spinosum (FS)	0.28	0.31	0.45	0.18	0.20	0.22
Right foramen spinosum (FS)	0.30	0.34	0.48	0.22	0.11	0.28
Left foramen rotundum (FR)	0.35	0.62	0.23	0.24	0.44	0.08
Right foramen rotundum (FR)	0.48	0.79	0.41	0.31	0.91	0.48
Foramen magnum (FM)	0.41	0.43	0.31	0.21	0.17	0.13
Left posterior vidian canal (PVC)	1.04	1.15	0.50	1.21	0.78	0.39
Right posterior vidian canal (PVC)	0.62	1.01	0.44	1.03	0.78	0.33
Left hypoglossal canal (HC)	0.37	0.39	0.85	0.20	0.25	0.59
Right hypoglossal canal (HC)	0.51	0.95	1.00	0.15	0.66	0.67
Left ear canal lateral opening superior (ECLOS)	1.88	0.62	1.28	1.55	0.43	1.03
Left ear canal lateral opening inferior (ECLOI)	1.88	1.89	1.50	1.55	1.45	1.33
Left ear canal lateral opening anterior (ECLOA)	1.88	1.41	1.47	1.55	0.95	0.85
Left ear canal lateral opening posterior (ECLOP)	1.88	0.98	2.02	1.55	0.82	1.56
Left ear canal medial opening superior (ECMOS)	1.15	0.54	0.73	1.53	0.58	0.50
Left ear canal medial opening inferior (ECMOI)	1.15	0.66	0.79	1.53	0.62	0.56
Left ear canal medial opening anterior (ECMOA)	1.15	0.65	0.63	1.53	0.54	0.49
Left ear canal medial opening posterior (ECMOP)	1.15	0.66	0.75	1.53	0.63	0.43
Right ear canal lateral opening superior (ECLOS)	1.18	0.47	1.40	0.70	0.18	0.74
Right ear canal lateral opening inferior (ECLOI)	1.18	1.48	1.06	0.70	1.04	0.70
Right ear canal lateral opening anterior (ECLOA)	1.18	1.13	1.49	0.70	0.63	0.53
Right ear canal lateral opening posterior (ECLOP)	1.18	0.59	1.77	0.70	0.38	1.06
Right ear canal medial opening superior (ECMOS)	0.80	0.41	0.67	1.40	0.21	0.33
Right ear canal medial opening inferior (ECMOI)	0.80	0.49	0.49	1.40	0.24	0.35
Right ear canal medial opening anterior (ECMOA)	0.80	0.43	0.59	1.40	0.24	0.32
Right ear canal medial opening posterior (ECMOP)	0.80	0.49	0.59	1.40	0.39	0.35