Research Article

Assessing the Correlation between Skeletal and Corresponding Soft-Tissue Equivalents to Determine the Relationship between CBCT Skeletal/Dental Dimensions and 3D Radiographic Soft-Tissue Equivalents

Table 1

Measured and defined distances depending on the image used.

ā€‰LandmarksDescription of distances on CBCTDescription of distances on facial scanner

1Width of noseLeft bottom-most skeletal corner under the nasal aperture to the right bottom-most skeletal cornerLeft alar curvature point (the most lateral part of the curved base of the ala) to the right alar curvature point
2Left canine to left outer eyeMost tip of left canine crown to left frontozygomatic sutureMost tip of left canine (patient smiling) to left lateral canthus
3Right canine to right outer eyeMost tip of right canine crown to right frontozygomatic sutureMost tip of right canine (patient smiling) to right lateral canthus
4Gnathion to throatLowest point of the midline of the mandible to C3-C4 cervical vertebraeLowest point of the midline of the mandible to the most indented location of the throat between the chin and neck
5Gnathion to left gonionLowest point of the mandibular midline to the lowest, most posterior, and lateral point of the left mandibular angleLowest point of the mandibular midline to the lowest, most posterior, and lateral point of the left mandibular angle
6Gnathion to right gonionLowest point of the mandibular midline to the lowest, most posterior, and lateral point of the right mandibular angleLowest point of the mandibular midline to the lowest, most posterior, and lateral point of the right mandibular angle
7Left canine to left cheekboneMost tip of left canine crown to most prominent frontal portion of the left zygomatic boneMost tip of left canine crown (patient smiling) to most prominently raised point of left cheek area, most likely an area under the left lateral canthus
8Right canine to right cheekboneMost tip of right canine crown to most prominent frontal portion of the right zygomatic boneMost tip of right canine crown (patient smiling) to most prominently raised point of right cheek area, most likely an area under the right lateral canthus
9Nasion to gnathionDistinctly depressed area between the intersection of the frontal bone and two nasal bones to the lowest point of the mandibular midline.Distinctly depressed area directly between the eyes and superior to the bridge of the nose to the lowest point of the mandibular midline
10Gnathion to left external auditory meatus (EAM)Lowest portion of the mandibular midline to lowest bony portion of the left hollow canal of the tympanic portion of the temporal bone, posterior to the condylar process of the mandibleLowest portion of the mandibular midline to the left lowest portion of the hollow ear canal
11Gnathion to right EAMLowest portion of the mandibular midline to lowest bony portion of the right hollow canal of the tympanic portion of the temporal bone, posterior to the condylar process of the mandibleLowest portion of the mandibular midline to the right lowest portion of the hollow ear canal
12Corners of mouthTip of left canine crown to tip of right canine crownLeft cheilion (left labial commissure) to right cheilion (right labial commissure)
13Left EAM to left outer eye cornerLowest bony portion of the left hollow canal of the tympanic portion of the temporal bone, posterior to the condylar process of the mandible, to the left lateral canthus of eyeLeft lowest portion of the hollow ear canal to the left lateral canthus of eye
14Right EAM to right outer eye cornerLowest bony portion of the right hollow canal of the tympanic portion of the temporal bone, posterior to the condylar process of the mandible, to the right lateral canthus of eyeRight lowest portion of the hollow ear canal to the right lateral canthus of eye
15Bottom of nose to nasionAnterior nasal spine to the distinctly depressed area between the intersection of the frontal bone and two nasal bonesSubnasale (the midpoint of the angle at the nasal base where the lower border of the nasal septum and the upper lip surface meets) to the distinctly depressed area directly between the eyes and superior to the bridge of the nose
16Width of left eyeLeft frontozygomatic suture to left frontomaxillary sutureLeft lateral canthus to left medial canthus
17Width of right eyeRight frontozygomatic suture to right frontomaxillary sutureRight lateral canthus to right medial canthus
18Left inner eye to left canineLeft frontomaxillary suture to tip of left canine crownLeft medial canthus to tip of left canine crown (patient smiling)
19Right inner eye to right canineRight frontomaxillary suture to tip of right canine crownRight medial canthus to tip of right canine crown (patient smiling)
20Left gonion to left EAMLowest, most posterior, and lateral point of the left mandibular angle to the lowest bony portion of the left hollow canal of the tympanic portion of the temporal bone, posterior to the condylar process of the mandibleMost posterior and lateral point of the left mandibular angle to the left most lowest portion of the hollow ear canal opening
21Right gonion to right EAMLowest, most posterior, and lateral point of the right mandibular angle to the lowest bony portion of the right hollow canal of the tympanic portion of the temporal bone, posterior to the condylar process of the mandibleMost posterior and lateral point of the right mandibular angle to the right most lowest portion of the hollow ear canal opening
22Bottom of nose to left EAMAnterior nasal spine to the lowest bony portion of the left hollow canal of the tympanic portion of the temporal bone, posterior to the condylar process of the mandibleSubnasale (the midpoint of the angle at the nasal base where the lower border of the nasal septum and the upper lip surface meets) to the left most lowest portion of the hollow ear canal opening
23Bottom of nose to right EAMAnterior nasal spine to the lowest bony portion of the right hollow canal of the tympanic portion of the temporal bone, posterior to the condylar process of the mandibleSubnasale (the midpoint of the angle at the nasal base where the lower border of the nasal septum and the upper lip surface meets) to the right most lowest portion of the hollow ear canal opening
24Left corner of mouth to left EAMTip of left canine crown to the lowest bony portion of the left hollow canal of the tympanic portion of the temporal bone, posterior to the condylar process of the mandibleLeft cheilion (left labial commissure) to the left most lowest portion of the hollow ear canal opening
25Right corner of mouth to right EAMTip of right canine crown to the lowest bony portion of the right hollow canal of the tympanic portion of the temporal bone, posterior to the condylar process of the mandibleRight cheilion (right labial commissure) to the right most lowest portion of the hollow ear canal opening
26Width between outer eye cornersLeft frontozygomatic suture to right frontozygomatic sutureLeft lateral canthus to right lateral canthus
27Left corner of mouth to left gonionTip of left canine crown to the lowest, most posterior, and lateral point of the left mandibular angleLeft cheilion (left labial commissure) to the most posterior and lateral point of the left mandibular angle
28Right corner of mouth to right gonionTip of right canine crown to the lowest, most posterior, and lateral point of the right mandibular angleRight cheilion (right labial commissure) to the most posterior and lateral point of the right mandibular angle
29Bottom of nose to left gonionAnterior nasal spine to lowest, most posterior, and lateral point of the left mandibular angleSubnasale (the midpoint of the angle at the nasal base where the lower border of the nasal septum and the upper lip surface meets) to most posterior and lateral point of the left mandibular angle
30Bottom of nose to right gonionAnterior nasal spine to lowest, most posterior, and lateral point of the right mandibular angleSubnasale (the midpoint of the angle at the nasal base where the lower border of the nasal septum and the upper lip surface meets), to most posterior and lateral point of the right mandibular angle