β₂-Microglobulin and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin, Potential Novel Urine Biomarkers in Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Japanese

Table 5

Comparison of microbiological/clinical parameters related to periodontitis between highest quartile of NGAL and others.

	NGAL/Cre (μg/g)
	Others	Highest quartile	P value
Number of subjects	81	27
Age (years)	49.5 ± 8.5	51.9 ± 8.6	0.198
Smoking status (pack-years)	11.6 ± 16.5	11.3 ± 17.7	0.987
BMI	23.6 ± 2.9	23.0 ± 2.7	0.307
eGFR	80.9 ± 13.1	82.9 ± 13.0	0.510
HbA1C (%)	5.5 ± 0.4	5.3 ± 0.4	0.169
Subgingival plaque (copy)
P. gingivalis	2.3E + 5 ± 6.5E + 5	7.6E + 5 ± 2.0E + 6	0.018
P. intermedia	6.6E + 4 ± 1.5E + 5	1.9E + 5 ± 5.9E + 5	0.514
A. actinomycetemcomitans	1.8E + 3 ± 9.9E + 3	3.0E + 2 ± 1.5E + 3	0.617
Total bacteria	2.7E + 7 ± 4.3E + 7	4.4E + 7 ± 9.0E + 7	0.199
Antibody titer (unit)
P. gingivalis	9.2 ± 12.3	6.8 ± 6.3	0.796
P. intermedia	0.3 ± 0.7	0.1 ± 0.5	0.305
A. actinomycetemcomitans	0.6 ± 1.4	0.5 ± 1.1	0.607
Parameters related to periodontitis
O’Leary’s PCR (%)	45.7 ± 22.9	50.9 ± 21.9	0.354
BOP (%)	14.8 ± 14.2	13.9 ± 13.5	0.777
Mean PD (mm)	2.6 ± 0.6	2.4 ± 0.6	0.500
PD ≥ 4 mm (number of sites)	17.4 ± 24.2	17.1 ± 16.1	0.548
PD 4, 5 mm (number of sites)	14.2 ± 17.2	14.2 ± 13.9	0.784
PD ≥ 6 mm (number of sites)	3.2 ± 8.6	2.9 ± 3.8	0.106
Mean CAL (mm)	2.8 ± 0.7	2.7 ± 0.7	0.640
CAL ≥ 4 mm (number of sites)	27.5 ± 27.6	31.8 ± 20.5	0.093
CAL 4, 5 mm (number of sites)	23 .0 ± 20.5	26.2 ± 16.3	0.151
CAL ≥ 6 mm (number of sites)	4.5 ± 10.2	5.7 ± 6.4	0.041

Results are shown as mean ± SD. Age, BMI, and eGFR: unpaired t-test. Other parameters: Mann–Whitney U test. Statistical significance is indicated by . NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; Cre, creatinine; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1C, hemoglobin A1C (NGSP); P. gingivalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis; P. intermedia, Prevotella intermedia; A. actinomycetemcomitans, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; O’Leary’s PCR, O’Leary’s plaque control record; BOP, bleeding on probing; PD, probing depth; CAL, clinical attachment level.