International Journal of Dentistry

Research Article

Assessment of the Effect of Oral Health on Quality of Life and Oral-Health Indicators among ESRD Patients in Southwest Florida: A Pilot Study

Table 1

Association of individual GOHAI-12 items with demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants.
VariableNGOHAI—physicalGOHAI—psychosocialGOHAI—pain/discomfort
Trouble chewingComfortable to swallowPrevented from speakingLimit foodPleased with looksWorriedSelf-consciousUncomfortable eating in front of peopleLimit contactEat w/o discomfortUse medicationSensitivity
Gender             
 Male415 (2, 5)5 (5, 5)5 (5, 5)5 (3, 5)3 (1, 5)4 (3, 5)5 (4, 5)5 (5, 5)5 (5, 5)5 (2, 5)5 (3, 5)5 (3, 5)
 Female273(1.75, 5) 0.625 (2, 5) 0.2645 (3, 5) 0.2434.5 (3, 5) 0.0434 (1.75, 5) 0.6503 (1, 5) 0.2215 (1.75, 5) 0.1585 (3, 5) 0.0455 (2.75, 5) 0.0462.5 (1, 5) 0.0115 (2.75, 5) 0.4195 (3, 5) 0.429
Race             
 White333 (2, 5)5 (5, 5)5 (5, 5)5 (3, 5)3.5 (2, 5)5 (3, 5)5 (5, 5)5 (5, 5)5 (2.75, 5)4 (2, 5)5 (3.25, 5)4.5 (3, 5)
 Black285(2.75, 5)5 (2.75, 5)5 (2.75, 5)5 (3, 5)3 (.75, 5)3 (1, 5)5 (2, 5)5 (2.75, 5)5 (5, 5)4 (1, 5)5 (2.75, 5)5 (3, 5)
 Hispanic085 (2, 5) 0.9115 (5, 5) 0.4255 (5, 5) 0.2095 (3, 5) 0.7434 (1, 5) 0.7013 (3, 5) 0.1345 (0, 5) 0.1035 (0, 5) 0.1785 (5, 5) 0.0995 (2, 5) 0.8685 (3, 5) 0.8215 (3, 5) 0.886
Age             
≤65 years303 (2.5, 5)5 (4.5, 5)5 (3, 5)5 (2.5, 5)3 (0.5, 5)3 (1, 5)5 (3, 5)5 (3, 5)5 (5, 5)5 (3, 5)5 (2, 5)5 (2, 5)
>65 years385 (2, 5) 0.9365 (5, 5) 0.2525 (5, 5) 0.1225 (3, 5) 0.3174 (2, 5) 0.4155 (3, 5) 0.0405 (5, 5) 0.0485 (4.25, 5) 0.5925 (5, 5) 0.3975 (4.25, 5) 0.6965 (4.25, 5) 0.0785 (3, 5) 0.223
Teeth             
 <20273 (2, 5)5 (4.5, 5)5 (2.75, 5)5 (2.75, 5)3 (1.75, 5)4.5(1.75, 5) 5 (3, 5)5 (3, 5)5 (4.5, 5)5 (3, 5)5 (3.75, 5)4.5 (2, 5)
 ≥20425 (2, 5) 0.3955 (5, 5) 0.5285 (5, 5) 0.0165 (3, 5) 0.6123 (1, 5) 0.7034 (2, 5) 0.8895 (3, 5) 0.5825 (4, 5) 0.2185 (5, 5) 0.1545 (4, 5) 0.5515 (3, 5) 0.6775 (3, 5) 0.643
Dental status             
 Dentate573 (2, 5)5 (5, 5)5 (4.5, 5)5 (3, 5)3 (1, 5)4 (2, 5)4 (2, 5)5 (4, 5)5 (5, 5)4 (2, 5)5 (3, 5)5 (3, 5)
 Edentate124.5 (2, 5) 0.8925 (3.25, 5) 0.3285 (3, 5) 0.2594 (2.25, 5) 0.4974.5 (2.25, 5) 0.1775 (1.5, 5) 0.5125 (1.5, 5) 0.7814 (2.25, 5) 0.1225 (3.25, 5) 0.3104.5 (2, 5) 0.5705 (3.5, 5) 0.7015 (4, 5) 0.586
Diabetes             
 Yes363 (2, 5)5 (5, 5)5 (5, 5)5 (3, 5)4 (2, 5)5 (2, 5)5 (5, 5)5 (3, 5)5 (5, 5)4 (2, 5)5 (4, 5)5 (3, 5)
 No345 (2, 5) 0.5525 (4.5, 5) 0.3465 (3, 5) 0.5835 (3, 5) 0.8482.5 (.75, 5) 0.2053 (2, 5) 0.2955 (2, 5) 0.1665 (3.75, 5) 0.9255 (4.5, 5) 0.5065 (1.75, 5) 0.4695 (3, 5) 0.1795 (2.75, 5) 0.697
CPI             
 083 (1.5, 5)5 (2.5, 5)5 (3.5, 5)5 (2.25, 5)4.5(2.5, 5)5 (3.5, 5)5 (3.5, 5)5 (5, 5)5 (5, 5)5 (5, 5)5 (3.5, 5)5 (3.5, 5)
 1–4505 (2, 5) 0.5255 (5, 5) 0.1605 (4.5, 5) 0.9165 (3, 5) 0.9173 (1, 5) 0.2723 (2, 5) 0.1865 (3.5, 5) 0.5635 (3, 5) 0.3235 (5, 5) 0.7455 (3, 5) 0.7565 (3, 5) 0.5985 (3, 5) 0.431
Saliva pH
 Acidic213 (1, 5)5 (2.75, 5)5 (2.75, 5)5 (1.75, 5)4.5(1.75, 5)3 (1, 5)5 (2.75, 5)5 (1.75, 5)5 (2.75, 5)2 (1, 5)5 (2.75, 5)4 (3, 5)
 Healthy415 (3, 5) 0.1435 (5, 5) 0.1845 (5, 5) 0.7695 (3, 5) 0.1973 (1, 5) 0.1764 (3, 5) 0.4144 (3, 5) 0.4515 (5, 5) 0.1505 (5, 5) 0.1084 (2, 5) 0.0995 (4, 5) 0.6035 (3, 5) 0.363
Years on dialysis
 ≤3 years415 (2, 5)5 (5, 5)5 (3, 5)5 (3, 5)3.5 (2, 5)5 (3, 5)5 (4, 5)5 (3, 5)5 (5, 5)4 (1.25, 5)5 (3.25, 5)5 (3, 5)
 >3 years293 (2, 5) 0.3945 (4.5, 5) 0.5555 (4.5, 5) 0.6314 (2.5, 5) 0.2132 (1, 5) 0.2333 (1.5, 5) 0.0425 (2.5, 5) 0.3885 (3.5, 5) 0.5275 (5, 5) 0.5914 (2, 5) 0.8755 (3, 5) 0.8855 (3, 5) 0.692
For each GOHAI-12 item, the median and the IQR (in parentheses) for the categories are presented first, followed by the value for comparison. The Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test were used to compare two or more than two groups, respectively. values that are in bold are statistically significant