Impacts of Orthognathic Surgery on Patient Satisfaction, Overall Quality of Life, and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life: A Systematic Literature Review

Table 3

Results for the OQLQ global and domain scores ().

Study design	Follow-up duration	Main results	References
(1) Prospective	T0: baseline; T1: 6 weeks after surgery; T2: 6 months after surgery	T0-T1: no significant difference in the global score; decrease in the score for the domain facial esthetics.; T0-T2: significant reductions in the global score and scores for 3 of 4 domains (social, facial esthetics, and oral function).	Lee et al. [9]
(2) Retrospective	21 months after surgery	Significant differences in the global score and all 4 domain scores between the pre- and postsurgery groups. However, no difference in the scores was found among the controls, postsurgery group, and patients who declined surgery.	Al-Ahmad et al. [20]
(3) Prospective	T0: baseline; T1: 6 weeks after surgery; T2: 6 months after surgery; T3: after orthodontic treatment (at least 12 months after orthognathic surgery and 6 months after the end of orthodontic treatment)	T0-T1: significant reduction in the global score and scores for the domains social aspects and facial esthetics.; T0–T2: significant reduction in the global score and scores for the domains social aspects, facial esthetics and oral function.; T0–T3: significant reduction in the global score and all 4 domain scores.	Choi et al. [3]
(4) Prospective	T0: before surgery; T1: 6 to 8 months after surgery	Significant reduction in OQLQ scores after surgery in both groups.; At T0, a significant difference was found for the domains oral function and facial esthetics () between groups.; At T1, only the domain oral function exhibited a significant difference between the groups.	Khadka et al. [23]
(5) Prospective	T0: during orthodontic treatment; T1: before surgery; T2: 6 months after surgery	Significant differences in all OQLQ domains before and after surgery.; Domains: esthetics (T1: 12.21 ± 5.87; T2: 7.00 ± 5.64); awareness (T1: 6.90 ± 4.80; T2: 5.73 ± 4.19); social (T0: 10.42 ± 8.33; T1: 5.73 ± 4.19); and function (T0: 7.46 ± 5.99; T1: 5.69 ± 5.77) ().	Murphy et al. [4]
(6) Retrospective	T0: before surgery; T1: 2 years after surgery	Significant reductions in the global score (T0: 28/T1: 13.51) and all 4 domain scores ().	Wee and Poon [28]
(7) Retrospective	T0: before surgery; T1: at least 1 year after surgery	Reduction in the OQLQ global score after surgery.	Abdullah [31]
(8) Prospective	T0: first visit; T1: before surgery; T2: 3 months after surgery; T3: removal of orthodontic appliance	Conventional surgery group: significantly higher scores before surgery (T0: 53.87 ± 17.81; T1: 58.07 ± 18.18; ).; Significant reductions in the global score at T2 (23.53 ± 9.28) and T3 (11.60 ± 8.20) and in all 4 domain scores.; Surgery-first group: reduction in the global score at T2 (23.09 ± 22.14) and T3 (11.36 ± 14.15) compared to that at T0 (51.64 ± 19.27).; No significant difference between groups.	Park et al. [32]
(9) Prospective	T0: before surgery; T1: 6 weeks after surgery; T2: 6 months after surgery	Significant reduction in the OQLQ score at T1 (30.5 ± 19.5) and T2 (26.1.±19.3) compared to that of the controls.; The domain facial esthetics exhibited the greatest variation before and after surgery (T0: 10.6 ± 6.0; T1: 5.5 ± 5.4; T2: 4.8 ± 5.0; ).	Silva et al. [35]
(10) Prospective	Orthognathic surgery group: T0: before treatment; T1: after orthodontic assessment; T2–T4: during orthodontic treatment; T5: 1 year after surgery; Control group: T0: before treatment; T1: 2 years after first examination; T2: 4 years after first examination	The global score and the score for the domain oral function increased at T2 (35.89 ± 23.39) compared to those at T0 (31.38 ± 20.71) ().; The global score and all 4 domain scores decreased at T5 compared to those at T2 ().	Alanko et al. [2]
(11) Prospective	T0: before bracket placement; T1: 1 month before surgery; T2: 1 month after surgery	No significant difference between groups at T0 (surgery-first: 57 ± 10/conventional: 52 ± 10) or T2 (surgery-first: 22 ± 3/conventional: 29 ± 9).; Poorer score at T1 (60 ± 9) for the conventional surgery group. Significant differences among T0, T1 and T2 in both groups ().	Pelo et al. [39]
(12) Prospective	T0: before surgery; T1: 3 months after surgery	Significant reduction in the score at T1 (18 ± 12.69) compared to that at T0 (36 ± 17.24) ().; The domains facial esthetics (), oral function () and social aspects () were the most affected.	Zingler et al. [40]