Plaque Index, Oral Hygiene Habits, and Depressive Symptomatology as Predictors of Clinical Attachment Loss: A Pilot Study

Table 3

Sociodemographic and clinical variables and statistical comparison among the 3 samples.

Variable		DPS	MHS	GPS	Total	value
		n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Sample		35 (38.9%)	26 (28.9%)	29 (32.2%)	90 (100%)	0.497; χ^2 test
Sex	Women	16 (45.7%)	15 (57.7%)	15 (51.7%)	46 (51.1%)	0.650; χ^2 test
	Men	19 (54.3%)	11 (42.3%)	14 (48.3%)	44 (48.9%)
Age	35–39	6 (17.1%)	8 (30.8%)	5 (17.2%)	19 (21.1%)	0.186; ANOVA
	40–49	14 (40%)	12 (46.2%)	11 (37.9%)	37 (41.1%)
	50–59	12 (34.3%)	5 (19.2%)	12 (41.4%)	29 (32.2%)
	60–65	3 (8.6%)	1 (3.8%)	1 (3.4%)	5 (5.6%)
Schooling	Primary	5 (14.3%)	3 (11.5%)	2 (6.9%)	10 (11.1%)	0.257; Kruskal–Wallis test
	Secondary	9 (25.7%)	10 (38.5%)	4 (13.8%)	23 (25.6%)
	High school	6 (17.1%)	1 (3.8%)	7 (24.1%)	14 (15.6%)
	Vocational	7 (20%)	5 (19.2%)	5 (17.2%)	17 (18.9%)
	Bachelor	7 (20%)	5 (19.2%)	10 (34.5%)	22 (24.4%)
	Postgraduate	1 (2.9%)	2 (7.7%)	1 (3.4%)	4 (4.4%)
SSES	Low	2 (5.7%)	2 (7.7%)	1 (3.4%)	5 (5.6%)	0.136; Kruskal-Wallis test
	Middle-low	12 (34.3%)	13 (50%)	8 (27.6%)	33 (36.7%)
	Middle-middle	21 (60%)	11 (42.3%)	20 (69%)	52 (57.8%)
Civil status	Married	25 (71.4%)	13 (50%)	23 (79.3%)	61 (67.8%)	0.180; χ^2 test
	Single	2 (5.7%)	6 (23.1%)	4 (13.8%)	12 (13.3%)
	Divorced or separated	3 (8.6%)	5 (19.2%)	1 (3.4%)	9 (10%)
	Cohabitating	3 (8.6%)	1 (3.8%)	1 (3.4%)	5 (5.6%)
	Widow	2 (5.7%)	1 (3.8%)	0 (0%)	3 (3.3%)
Occupation	White-collar worker	15^a (42.9%)	13^a (50%)	17^a (58.6%)	45 (50%)	0.015; χ^2 test
	Homemaker	11^a,b (31.4%)	12^b (46.2%)	3^a (10.3%)	26 (28.9%)
	Blue-collar worker	8^a (22.9%)	0^b (0%)	4^a,b (13.8%)	12 (13.3%)
	Others	2^a (5.7%)	1^a (3.8%)	5^a (17.2%)	8 (8.9%)
Classification of CAL	Without CAL	0 (0%)	0 (0.0%)	6 (20.7%)	6 (6.7%)	0.001; Kruskal–Wallis test
	Stage I	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (3.4%)	1 (1.1%)
	Stage II	17 (48.6%)	24 (92.3%)	15 (51.7%)	56 (62.2%)
	Stage III	18 (51.4%)	2 (7.7%)	7 (24.1%)	27 (30%)
Classification of plaque index	Low	0^a (0%)	0^a (0%)	10^b (34.5%)	10 (11.1%)	<0.001; χ^2 test
	High	35^a (100%)	26^a (100%)	19^b (65.5%)	80 (88.9%)
Level of depressive symptomatology	Minimal	35 (100%)	0 (0%)	29 (100%)	64 (71.1%)	<0.001; Kruskal–Wallis test
	Mild	0 (0%)	8 (30.8%)	0 (0%)	8 (8.9%)
	Moderate	0 (0%)	7 (26.9%)	0 (0%)	7 (7.8%)
	Severe	0 (0%)	11 (42.3%)	0 (0%)	11 (12.2%)
Classification of oral hygiene habits	Bad	13 (37.1%)	10 (38.5%)	7 (24.1%)	30 33.3%	0.107; Kruskal–Wallis test
	Regular	20 (57.1%)	15 (57.7%)	16 (55.2%)	51 (56.7%)
	Good	2 (5.7%)	1 (3.8%)	6 (20.7%)	9 (10%)

Note. Samples: DPS = sample of dental patients with periodontitis, MHS = sample of mental health patients with depressive symptomatology, and GPS = general population sample. Variables: age = the 4 age ranges shown in the table are used for descriptive purposes, since the mean comparisons are made with the quantitative variable “years of age” using the one-way between-group analysis of variance (ANOVA); SSES = subjective socioeconomic status; occupation = white-collar worker (clerk, receptionist, telephone operator, salesperson, and supervisor), homemaker (housewife and househusband), and blue-collar worker including both unskilled manual worker (cleaning worker, waiter, stevedore, assembly line worker, keeper, and security guard) and low-skilled technician (mason, painter, plumber, electrician, carpenter, glazier, hauler, heavy equipment operator, and clinical assistant), and others (self-employed worker, unemployed, and retired); classification of CAL = classification of clinical attachment loss (without CAL = 0 mm, stage I = 1 to 2 mm, stage II = 3 to 4 mm, and stage III = 5 mm or more); classification of plaque index = classification of the Turesky–Gilmore–Glickman plaque index (low: 0 to 1 and high: 2 to 5); level of depressive symptomatology (minimal = BDI-II total score from 0 to 13, mild 14 to 19, moderate from 20 to 28, and severe from 29 to 63); and classification of oral hygiene habits (bad = OHHS total score from 0 to 0.999, regular from 1 to 2,124, and good from 2,125 to 4). Statistics: n = absolute frequency, value = probability value for a 2-tailed test, and a, b = each subscript letter denotes a subset of categories whose column proportions do not differ significantly from each other at the 0.05 level applying Bonferroni’s correction.