Association between Drinking Habits and Oral Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Japanese National Statistical Data

Table 1

Survey items for analysis.

Contingency table analysis	Items
Characteristics	Sex and age group (middle-aged: 30–59 years; older: 60–69 years)
Items related to symptoms
Subjective symptoms	Presence of subjective symptoms
Dental symptoms	Dental symptoms (tooth pain, swollen or bleeding gums, and difficulty chewing)
Other symptoms	38 general symptoms other than dental symptoms, such as respiratory symptoms
Items related to hospital visits
Outpatient visits	Current visits
Outpatient visits for dental diseases	Current visits
Disease name	Name of general disease other than dental disease
Items concerning health
Health consciousness	Subjective health (5 levels, from very good to poor)
Smoking status	Smoking status
Alcohol consumption habits	Heavy drinker and occasional/nondrinker
Lifestyle-related questions
Economic strength	Poverty level
Income	Total income of household per year
Working hours	No. of working hours per week
Stress-related items
Awareness of stress	Worries or stress
Logistic regression analysis
Dependent variables	Alcohol consumption habits (heavy drinker: 1; occasional/nondrinker: 0)
Moderator variables	All variables (for each, bad: 1; good: 0)
	Using the stepwise selection method