| | Author/year | Country | Study design | Type | Sample | Sample features | Statistical analysis | Types of services | Types of disabilities | Most frequent dental procedures |
| | Burtner et al, 1990 [70] | United States | Cross-sectional | Article | 362 respondents | Persons with disabilities from the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitation, United States. Primary data. | Not adjusted | Treatment paid by federal government funds. Private payment through private plans or funds. | — | Emergency treatment, examination and prophylaxis, other services. |
| | Milnes et al, 1995 [71] | Canada | Cross-sectional | Article | 342 respondents | Manitoba dentists. Primary data. | Not adjusted | Private, social, federal, provincial, municipal, unpaid services, institutions. | Asthma, autism, cancer, cardiac arrest, cerebral palsy, diabetes, hearing impaired, hemophilia, immunosuppression, leukemia, liver, mental retardation, renal, spinal cord injury, stroke, visually impaired. | Examinations, oral radiographs, panoramic radiography, topical fluoride, restoration, scaling, crown and bridge, partial and total prosthesis, periodontics, endodontics, surgery, orthodontics and sealants. |
| | Schultz et al, 2001 [72] | United States | Cross-sectional | Article | 12,539 | The data source for this study was an interview survey of the National Center for Health Statistics 1997. Secondary data. | Adjusted | — | Mental retardation, cerebral palsy, attention deficit, Down syndrome, autism, developmental delay. | — |
| | Edwards et al, 2002 [73] | England | Cross-sectional | Article | 157 respondents | Liverpool dentists, Sefton and St Helens and Knowsley. Primary data. | Not adjusted | — | Physical disability, learning disabilities, and mental health problems. | — |
| | Al Agili et al, 2004 [74] | United States | Cross-sectional | Article | 714 respondents | Database provided by child rehabilitation services from Alabama. Secondary data. | Adjusted | Private payment through private plans or funds. | Cleft lip and/or palate or other craniofacial disorders; epileptic/convulsive disorders; spina bifida; cerebral palsy. | Seek emergency treatment rather than prevention due to barriers encountered. |
| | De Jongh et al, 2008 [75] | Netherlands | Cross-sectional | Article | 40 dentists and 126 responding caregivers. | Children with disabilities in day care centres in the Netherlands. Primary data. | Not adjusted | — | Most subjects suffered from physical disabilities and complex medical problems. Based on their social aspects, language, and motor skills, all children were considered to have a severe mental disability. | — |
| | Koneru and Sigal, 2009 [76] | Canada | Cross-sectional | Article | 634 respondents | People with disabilities in Ontario. | Not adjusted | Private insurance, Ontario Disability Support Program, another form of government-sponsored coverage. | Autism, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, developmental delay, physical disability, psychiatric disability, brain injury. | Examination, X-ray, fluoride application, cleaning, oral hygiene instruction, sealants, fillings, extraction, stainless steel crown, aesthetic crown and bridge, dentures, whitening, canal treatment, dental implants. |
| | Nelson et al, 2011 [77] | United States | Cross-sectional | Article | 1128 respondents | Children with disabilities in Massachusetts, United States. | Not adjusted | — | Autism, invasive developmental disorder, Asperger’s syndrome, cerebral palsy, musculoskeletal disorders, seizures, cystic fibrosis, developmental/neurological/behavioral/chromosomal delay, Down syndrome, speech/hearing/blind, metabolic/cardiac/renal/immune, hemophilia/sickle cell anemia/von Willebrand’s disease, craniofacial/cleft lip and palate. | Checkup or just cleaning, emergency services and catering. |
| | Pradhan et al, 2009 [78] | Australia | Cross-sectional | Article | 1280 respondents | Adults with disabilities living in Adelaide, South Australia. Primary data. | Adjusted | — | Autism, brain injury, cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, spina bifida and quadriplegia. | Checkup, extractions, restorations, prostheses, and radiographs. |
| | Aragão et al, 2011 [79] | Brazil | Cross-sectional | Article | 113 respondents | Disabled children from Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Primary data. | Not adjusted | Public service | Physical, mental, hearing | — |
| | Cardoso et al, 2011 [80] | Brazil | Cross-sectional | Article | 43 respondents | Caregivers of children with motor disabilities in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Primary data. | Not adjusted | Private and public service | Cerebral palsy, hydrocephalus, myelomeningocele, Rett syndrome, Down syndrome, West syndrome. | Prevention, prophylaxis, restoration, extraction, scraping, trauma, orthodontics. |
| | Rocha et al, 2015 [5] | Brazil | Cross-sectional | Article | 89 dentists and 204 people with disabilities | Dentists and people with disabilities in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Primary data. | Not adjusted | Private and public service | Motor impairment, hearing impairment, and visual impairment. | — |
| | Bindal et al, 2015 [81] | Malaysia | Cross-sectional | Article | 102 respondents | Dentists from the cities of Kuala Lumpur, Penang, and Kuching in Malaysia. Primary data. | Not adjusted | Private | Physical disability, mental disability, sensory deficiency. | Emergency, extractions, restorative treatment, prostheses, periodontal treatment. |
| | Dantas Cardoso 2015 [82] | Brazil | Cross-sectional | Completion of course work | 100 respondents | Parents or guardians of institutionalized patients in APAE/natal. Primary data. | Not adjusted | The most suitable place of care was the Association of Parents and Friends of the Exceptional (APAE) | Mental disability, physical disability, cerebral palsy, birth defect, Down syndrome, sensory impairment, oral communication impairment, behavioral disorder, and autism. | Prophylaxis, restoration, and extraction. |
| | Damiance, 2016 [83] | Brazil | Cross-sectional | Thesis | 41 respondents | People with multiple disabilities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Primary data. | Adjusted | Philanthropic service, public and private service | Multiple disability. | Review, prevention, checkup, extraction. |
| | Paulo et al, 2017 [84] | Brazil | Cross-sectional | Article | 121 respondents | Responsible for people with special needs in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Primary data. | Not adjusted | Public service | Mental impairment, cerebral palsy, other motor defects, Down syndrome, Apert syndrome, Rett syndrome, Seckel syndrome, congenital microcephaly, autism, oral communication disorder (speech), audiocommunication disorder (deaf). | — |
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