Self-Perceived Impact of Oral Health on the Quality of Life of Women Deprived of Their Liberty

Table 4

Mean, standard deviation, and value^† of the independent variables, by domains and for total OHIP-14 of women inmates in Juiz de Fora, 2020.

Variable	n	Means by domain (SD)
		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	Total OHIP
Age (in years)
≤33	61	1.33 (1.91)	3.69 (2.85)	3.61 (2.83)	1.44 (2.08)	2.36 (2.59)	1.21 (1.94)	1.25 (2.20)	15.07 (12.64)
>33	38	1.58 (2.35)	3.21 (2.48)	3.68 (2.88)	2.05 (2.75)	2.71 (2.25)	1.05 (1.64)	1.29 (2.10)	15.24 (11.79)
value		0.852	0.455	0.933	0.435	0.283	0.871	0.746	0.575
Self-reported skin color
White	22	0.64 (1.25)	2.45 (2.02)	3.23 (3.12)	2.00 (2.54)	2.82 (2.54)	0.86 (1.49)	0.68 (1.21)	12.05 (9.87)
Nonwhite	77	1.65 (2.22)	3.81 (2.82)	3.75 (2.76)	1.58 (2.32)	2.40 (2.45)	1.23 (1.91)	1.43 (2.34)	16.01 (12.78)
value		0.031	0.052	0.393	0.287	0.428	0.476	0.287	0.173
Schooling (in years completed)
<9	61	1.57 (2.31)	3.34 (2.70)	3.36 (2.80)	1.41 (2.12)	2.36 (2.45)	1.07 (1.92)	1.23 (2.21)	14.67 (12.51)
≥9	38	1.18 (1.66)	3.76 (2.74)	4.08 (2.87)	2.11 (2.69)	2.71 (2.49)	1.29 (1.67)	1.32 (2.09)	15.87 (11.98)
value		0.748	0.455	0.221	0.261	0.515	0.206	0.695	0.334
Family income (x minimum wage)^‡
<1	66	1.17 (1.96)	3.47 (2.65)	3.73 (2.86)	1.44 (2.20)	2.56 (2.63)	1.17 (1.90)	1.35 (2.19)	14.92 (12.46)
≥1	33	1.94 (2.26)	3.58 (2.87)	3.45 (2.83)	2.15 (2.65)	2.36 (2.12)	1.12 (1.69)	1.09 (2.10)	15.55 (12.04)
value		0.049	0.928	0.611	0.162	0.902	0.983	0.670	0.956
MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status^§
Poor	53	1.58 (2.15)	3.81 (2.86)	3.98 (2.78)	1.64 (2.39)	2.62 (2.47)	1.34 (2.00)	1.43 (2.22)	16.75 (13.08)
Good	46	1.24 (2.01)	3.15 (2.52)	3.24 (2.88)	1.72 (2.36)	2.35 (2.47)	0.93 (1.60)	1.07 (2.08)	13.26 (11.09)
value		0.399	0.275	0.174	0.631	0.530	0.239	0.266	0.443
Imprisonment time (in months)
≤15	52	1.54 (2.26)	3.90 (2.95)	3.85 (3.06)	1.48 (2.32)	2.58 (2.67)	1.21 (1.94)	1.44 (2.53)	16.48 (13.32)
>15	17	1.30 (1.89)	3.06 (2.38)	3.40 (2.58)	1.89 (2.42)	2.40 (2.22)	1.09 (1.70)	1.06 (1.65)	13.64 (10.92)
value		0.769	0.177	0.501	0.221	0.934	0.805	0.987	0.141
How many women share the cell?
≤17	53	1.72 (2.27)	3.60 (2.94)	3.58 (2.94)	1.81 (2.64)	2.32 (2.37)	1.08 (1.74)	1.51 (2.55)	15.98 (13.34)
>17	46	1.09 (1.81)	3.39 (2.44)	3.70 (2.74)	1.52 (2.02)	2.70 (2.57)	1.24 (1.93)	0.98 (1.56)	14.15 (10.95)
value		0.097	0.859	0.811	0.982	0.518	0.602	0.865	0.790
Health care received
Yes	90	1.41 (2.06)	3.34 (2.74)	3.62 (2.86)	1.71 (2.43)	2.44 (2.38)	1.13 (1.81)	1.28 (2.19)	14.84 (12.01)
No	9	1.56 (2.45)	5.11 (1.83)	3.78 (2.77)	1.33 (1.73)	3.00 (3.28)	1.33 (2.06)	1.11 (1.83)	18.00 (15.05)
value		0.973	0.046	0.829	0.857	0.782	0.715	0.948	0.465
Dental consultation done
Yes	58	1.31 (1.88)	3.79 (2.94)	4.10 (2.96)	1.93 (2.67)	2.62 (2.50)	1.31 (1.82)	1.24 (2.10)	16.26 (12.64)
No	41	1.59 (2.35)	3.10 (2.33)	2.98 (2.54)	1.32 (1.84)	2.32 (2.42)	0.93 (1.84)	1.29 (2.25)	13.54 (11.67)
value		0.842	0.293	0.065	0.578	0.537	0.159	0.840	0.521
No. of dental consultations in the past year
1	34	1.00 (1.58)	3.09 (3.02)	3.21 (3.00)	2.29 (2.83)	2.18 (2.82)	0.91 (1.76)	0.74 (1.52)	12.50 (12.31)
>1	24	1.75 (2.21)	4.79 (2.55)	5.38 (2.43)	1.42 (2.37)	3.25 (1.82)	1.88 (1.78)	1.96 (2.60)	21.58 (11.32)
value		0.170	0.018	0.006	0.163	0.025	0.013	0.039	0.720
Tooth loss after incarceration
Yes	33	1.64 (2.12)	4.21 (2.55)	4.58 (2.47)	1.82 (2.58)	3.21 (2.22)	1.39 (1.95)	1.88 (2.34)	19.42 (11.89)
No	66	1.32 (2.08)	3.15 (2.74)	3.17 (2.91)	1.61 (2.27)	2.14 (2.51)	1.03 (1.76)	0.95 (2.00)	12.98 (11.96)
value		0.439	0.051	0.014	0.848	0.018	0.355	0.012	0.892
Number of teeth lost after incarceration
<4	21	1.76 (2.30)	4.48 (2.56)	4.90 (2.23)	1.71 (2.81)	3.52 (2.23)	1.71 (1.98)	2.10 (2.51)	21.43 (11.98)
≥4	12	1.42 (1.83)	3.75 (2.56)	4.00 (2.86)	2.00 (2.22)	2.67 (2.19)	0.83 (1.85)	1.50 (2.07)	15.92 (11.38)
value		0.855	0.496	0.471	0.425	0.456	0.145	0.647	0.593
Level of satisfaction with dental service
Poor	77	1.58 (2.21)	3.58 (2.70)	3.60 (2.82)	1.62 (2.34)	2.60 (2.48)	1.23 (1.92)	1.43 (2.22)	15.81 (12.69)
Good	22	0.86 (1.46)	3.23 (2.81)	3.77 (2.97)	1.86 (2.49)	2.14 (2.40)	0.86 (1.42)	0.68 (1.84)	12.77 (10.57)
value		0.280	0.537	0.827	0.638	0.443	0.634	0.075	0.195
Self-perceived health
Good	68	1.13 (1.98)	3.16 (2.71)	3.15 (2.65)	1.65 (2.29)	1.99 (2.18)	1.06 (1.66)	0.78 (1.77)	12.72 (11.31)
Poor	31	2.06 (2.19)	4.26 (2.61)	4.71 (2.98)	1.74 (2.57)	3.61 (2.69)	1.35 (2.15)	2.32 (2.55)	20.42 (12.79)
value		0.014	0.054	0.014	0.987	0.004	0.699	<0.001	0.324
Morbidity reported
Yes	52	1.56 (1.97)	3.40 (2.54)	3.71 (2.86)	1.67 (2.29)	2.73 (2.51)	1.29 (1.86)	1.35 (1.92)	15.46 (11.62)
No	47	1.28 (2.21)	3.62 (2.92)	3.55 (2.84)	1.68 (2.48)	2.23 (2.41)	1.00 (1.79)	1.17 (2.41)	14.77 (13.05)
value		0.127	0.790	0.798	0.884	0.286	0.229	0.243	0.294
Continuous use of medications
Yes	72	1.38 (1.97)	3.58 (2.68)	3.69 (2.80)	1.56 (2.13)	2.60 (2.41)	1.18 (1.80)	1.33 (2.23)	15.33 (11.74)
No	27	1.56 (2.39)	3.30 (2.83)	3.48 (2.99)	2.00 (2.92)	2.22 (2.62)	1.07 (1.80)	1.07 (1.96)	14.59 (13.77)
value		0.762	0.599	0.702	0.676	0.384	0.581	0.749	0.239
Medication for depression
Yes	33	1.52 (2.28)	4.09 (2.38)	3.91 (2.83)	1.61 (2.28)	3.03 (2.35)	1.06 (1.58)	1.76 (2.51)	17.21 (11.27)
No	66	1.38 (2.00)	3.21 (2.84)	3.50 (2.85)	1.71 (2.43)	2.23 (2.49)	1.20 (1.95)	1.02 (1.92)	14.09 (12.68)
value		0.886	0.081	0.469	0.938	0.077	0.814	0.097	0.349
Tobacco use
Yes	72	1.56 (2.21)	3.94 (2.70)	4.10 (2.92)	1.54 (2.34)	2.71 (2.51)	1.28 (1.99)	1.56 (2.38)	16.99 (12.70)
No	22	1.07 (1.68)	2.33 (2.42)	2.41 (2.22)	2.04 (2.44)	1.93 (2.25)	0.81 (1.24)	0.48 (1.09)	10.19 (9.56)
value		0.379	0.008	0.011	0.244	0.167	0.599	0.030	0.173
Anxiety symptoms
Negative	36	0.89 (1.74)	2.69 (2.45)	2.97 (2.35)	1.78 (2.63)	1.97 (2.31)	1.17 (1.68)	0.78 (1.55)	11.64 (10.19)
Positive	63	1.74 (2.22)	3.97 (2.77)	4.02 (3.03)	1.62 (2.22)	2.79 (2.51)	1.14 (1.92)	1.54 (2.40)	17.13 (12.96)
value		0.041	0.025	0.098	0.997	0.099	0.639	0.116	0.164
Depression symptoms
Negative	57	1.05 (1.74)	3.47 (2.65)	3.12 (2.50)	1.65 (2.40)	2.00 (2.20)	0.95 (1.53)	0.63 (1.29)	12.46 (10.24)
Positive	42	1.93 (2.41)	3.55 (2.83)	4.33 (3.14)	1.71 (2.35)	3.17 (2.65)	1.43 (2.15)	2.12 (2.74)	18.76 (13.88)
value		0.066	0.957	0.048	0.658	0.026	0.396	0.002	0.003

†The Mann–Whitney test was used to calculate the value of the OHIP-14 domains. For the value of the total OHIP-14 score, the t-test of independent samples was used. Statistically significant (). ‡The current national minimum wage in the amount of R$ 1,045.00 (one thousand and forty-five reais), which corresponds to U$ 187 (one hundred and eighty-seven dollars). §Continuous variable with a score ranging from 1 to 10 and dichotomized into poor and good representing, respectively, the categories: “very poor” and “poor” (steps 1 and 2; 3 and 4), and “fair,” “good,” and “very good” (5 and 6; 7 and 8; 9 and 10).