In Vitro Assessment of Artificial Aging on the Antifungal Activity of PMMA Denture Base Material Modified with ZrO₂ Nanoparticles

Table 1

Means, standard deviations, and p-values for heat-polymerized specimens modified with different concentrations of ZrO₂NPs according to time.

Time	Concentration of ZrO2NPs (%)	Candida count (CFU)		Surface roughness (μm)		Contact angle (°)
		Mean (SD)	-value	Mean (SD)	-value	Mean (SD)	-value
T0	0	2069.4 (60.9)	0.000	0.15 (0.01)	0.000	92.98 (1.1)	0.000
	1	1085.6 (42.6)		0.19 (0.01)		80.74 (1.3)^a
	2.5	781.8 (13.6)		0.23 (0.01)		79.39 (1.2)^a
	5	384.1 (13.0)		0.25 (0.01)		77.39 (1.4)
T1	0	1971.5 (17.6)	0.000	0.16 (0.01)	0.000	91.27 (1.2)	0.000
	1	1429.1 (36.9)		0.19 (0.01)		80.15 (1.5)
	2.5	655.2 (31.5)^a		0.23 (0.01)		78.41 (1.4)^a
	5	379.3 (20.0)^a		0.26 (0.01)		78.47 (1.4)^a
T2	0	1953.9 (30.2)	0.000	0.17 (0.01)	0.000	91.29 (1.1)	0.000
	1	1051.7 (28.8)		0.19 (0.01)		79.43 (1.2)^a
	2.5	584.1 (18.4)		0.23 (0.01)		77.62 (1.7)
	5	317.2 (10.5)		0.27 (0.01)		77.87 (1.5)^a

Variation in concentration was studied at different time intervals vertically: (T₀, T₁, T₂) of 7, 14, and 30 days, respectively. Same alphabets showed insignificant results in pairwise comparison. was considered statistically insignificant.