In Vitro Assessment of Artificial Aging on the Antifungal Activity of PMMA Denture Base Material Modified with ZrO₂ Nanoparticles

Table 2

Means, standard deviations, and p-values for heat-polymerized specimens modified with different concentrations of ZrO₂NPs according to concentration.

Concentration of ZrO2NPs (%)	Time	Candida count (CFU)		Surface roughness (μm)		Contact angle (°)
		Mean (SD)	-value	Mean (SD)	-value	Mean (SD)	-value
0	T0	2069.4 (60.9)	0.000	0.15 (0.01)^a	0.031	92.98 (1.1)	0.003
	T1	1971.5 (17.6)^a		0.16 (0.01)^a,b		91.27 (1.2)^a
	T2	1953.9 (30.2)^a		0.17 (0.01)^b		91.29 (1.1)^a
1	T0	1085.6 (42.6)^a	0.002	0.19 (0.01)	0.648	80.74 (1.3)	0.103
	T1	1429.1 (36.9)		0.19 (0.01)		80.15 (1.5)
	T2	1051.7 (28.8)^a		0.19 (0.01)		79.43 (1.2)
2.5	T0	781.8 (13.6)	0.000	0.23 (0.01)	0.258	79.39 (1.2)^a	0.042
	T1	655.2 (31.5)		0.23 (0.01)		78.41 (1.4)^a,b
	T2	584.1 (18.4)		0.23 (0.01)		77.62 (1.7)^b
5	T0	384.1 (13.0)^a	0.000	0.25 (0.01)^a	0.004	77.39 (1.4)	0.255
	T1	379.3 (20.0)^a		0.26 (0.01)^a,b		78.47 (1.4)
	T2	317.2 (10.5)		0.27 (0.01)^b		77.87 (1.5)

Variation in time was studied at different concentrations intervals vertically: (T₀, T₁, T₂) of 7, 14, and 30 days, respectively. Same alphabets showed insignificant results in pairwise comparison. was considered statistically insignificant.