Comparative Evaluation of Accuracy of Different Apex Locators: Propex IQ, Raypex 6, Root ZX, and Apex ID with CBCT and Periapical Radiograph—In Vitro Study

Table 1

Inclusion and exclusion criteria used in this study.

Inclusion	Exclusion
Lower first premolars	Teeth other than lower first premolars
Curved canal with a curvature between 10 and 20°	Curved canal of less than 10° or more than 20°
Sound, noncracked, nonworn, or nonfractured tooth	Worn, carious, resorbed, cracked, fractured, filled, and malformed teeth
Initial apical file must be K-file size 10 or 15	Initial apical file more than K-file size 15
No calcifications or internal defects of the root canal	Calcified canal or pulp stones
Single-rooted teeth	Multirooted teeth