Microshear Bond Strength of Nanoparticle-Incorporated Conventional and Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer to Caries-Affected Dentin

Table 1

The details of the experimental groups.

Group	Subgroup	GI type	The incorporated nanoparticle	Abbreviation	Description
1	1	Conventional glass ionomer cement	—	CGIC	Conventional GIC control without intervention
	2	Conventional glass ionomer cement	Titanium dioxide nanoparticle	CGIC + TNP	Conventional GIC incorporated with TNPs^1 at 5% (w/w)
	3	Conventional glass ionomer cement	Zinc oxide nanoparticle	CGIC + ZNP	Conventional GIC incorporated with TNPs^2 at 5% (w/w)
	4	Conventional glass ionomer cement	Silver nanoparticle	CGIC + SNP	Conventional GIC incorporated with TNPs^3 at 5% (w/w)
2	1	Resin-modified glass ionomer cement	—	RAMGIC	Resin-modified GIC control without intervention
	2	Resin-modified glass ionomer cement	Titanium dioxide nanoparticle	RAMGIC + TNP	Resin-modified GIC incorporated with TNPs at 5% (w/w)
	3	Resin-modified glass ionomer cement	Zinc oxide nanoparticle	RAMGIC + ZNP	Resin-modified GIC incorporated with ZNPs at 5% (w/w)
	4	Resin-modified glass ionomer cement	Silver nanoparticle	RMGIC + SNP	Resin-modified GIC incorporated with SNPs at 5% (w/w)

¹Titanium dioxide NPs. ²Zinc oxide NPS. ³Silver NPs.