Diagnostic Accuracy of Periapical Radiography in Detection and Measurement of the External Root Resorption in Primary Molars: A Single-Blind Prospective Clinical Study

Table 3

Descriptive statistics and 95% CIs for the extents of error (mm, calculated as the actual resorption minus the radiographic resorption estimate) on different sides and in different jaws, teeth, and roots. The values are calculated using the unpaired t-test and one-way ANOVA.

Variable	Error	Factor	N	Mean	SD	95% CI		Min	Max
Side	Observer 1	Right	79	−0.61	2.17	−1.09	−0.12	−5.0	8.0	0.074
		Left	57	0.11	2.42	−0.54	0.75	−5.0	4.0
	Observer 2	Right	58	−0.55	2.44	−1.19	0.09	−5.0	9.0	0.193
		Left	45	0.11	2.67	−0.69	0.91	−6.0	5.0
	Average error of both	Right	58	−0.62	2.08	−1.17	−0.07	−5.0	6.0	0.151
		Left	45	0.03	2.50	−0.72	0.79	−5.5	4.5
Jaw	Observer 1	Maxilla	36	−0.61	2.60	−1.49	0.27	−5.0	4.0	0.359
		Mandible	100	−0.20	2.18	−0.63	0.23	−5.0	8.0
	Observer 2	Maxilla	36	−0.69	2.62	−1.58	0.19	−6.0	5.0	0.210
		Mandible	67	−0.03	2.51	−0.64	0.58	−5.0	9.0
	Average error of both	Maxilla	36	−0.65	2.39	−1.46	0.16	−5.5	4.5	0.304
		Mandible	67	−0.16	2.23	−0.71	0.38	−5.0	6.0
Tooth	Observer 1	D	106	−0.31	2.37	−0.77	0.15	−5.0	8.0	0.981
		E	30	−0.30	2.05	−1.07	0.47	−5.0	3.0
	Observer 2	D	83	−0.36	2.61	−0.93	0.21	−6.0	9.0	0.424
		E	20	0.15	2.35	−0.95	1.25	−5.0	5.0
	Average error of both	D	83	−0.35	2.32	−0.86	0.16	−5.5	6.0	0.897
		E	20	−0.28	2.19	−1.30	0.75	−5.0	2.5
Root	Observer 1	MB	45	−0.53	2.22	−1.20	0.13	−5.0	4.0	0.870
		ML	29	−0.07	2.42	−0.99	0.85	−4.0	8.0
		DB	46	−0.28	2.39	−0.99	0.43	−5.0	4.0
		DL	4	0.50	1.00	−1.09	2.09	0.0	2.0
		Palatal	12	−0.42	2.43	−1.96	1.13	−4.0	4.0
	Observer 2 (no ML or DL detected)	MB	45	−0.16	2.26	−0.83	0.52	−5.0	5.0	0.711
		DB	46	−0.22	2.95	−1.09	0.66	−6.0	9.0
		Palatal	12	−0.83	2.04	−2.13	0.46	−5.0	2.0
	Average error of both	MB	45	−0.34	2.06	−0.96	0.27	−5.0	4.0	0.882
		DB	46	−0.25	2.57	−1.01	0.51	−5.5	6.0
		Palatal	12	−0.63	2.12	−1.97	0.72	−4.5	3.0
Sex	Observer 1	Female	69	−0.65	2.31	−1.21	−0.10	−5.0	4.0	0.077
		Male	67	0.04	2.25	−0.50	0.59	−5.0	8.0
	Observer 2	Female	54	−0.83	2.52	−1.52	−0.15	−6.0	9.0	0.016
		Male	49	0.37	2.47	−0.34	1.08	−5.0	5.0
	Average error of both	Female	54	−0.77	2.31	−1.40	−0.14	−5.5	6.0	0.043
		Male	49	0.14	2.19	−0.49	0.77	−4.5	4.5

SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence intervals; min, minimum; max, maximum; D, the first molar; E, the second molar; MB, mesiobuccal; ML, mesiolingual; DB, distobuccal; DL, distolingual. Negative and positive errors would indicate elongated (overestimated) and shortened (underestimated) radiographic root resorption estimates, respectively.