|
| Filler product | Type | Composition | Allergy test required | Indication | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|
| Perlane® (medicis, montreal, CA) | HA (bacteria) | Hyaluronic acid (8000 gel Particles/mL), 0.3% lidocaine | No | Deep layer | Long-lasting effects, suitable for use in deep tissue and paracone, minimal reactions | Heavy edema; persists for 3–5 days |
| Restylane® (medicis, montreal, CA) | HA (bacteria) | Hyaluronic acid (100,000 gel Particles/mL) | No | Superficial layer | Long-lasting effects, suitable for use in deep tissue and paracone, minimal reactions | Heavy edema; persists for 3–5 days [55] |
| Restylane fine lines® (medicis, montreal, CA) | HA (bacteria) | Hyaluronic acid (200,000 gel Particles/mL),0.3% lidocaine | No | Dermo-epidermal junction layer | Particularly suitable for the area between the eyebrows and for fine lines, not suitable for parabones | Shorter duration than restylane or perlane [56] |
| Radiesse® [57] (medicis, montreal, CA) | CaHA | Hydroxyapatite calcium microspheres, water, glycerin, and carboxymethyl cellulose | Yes | Facial soft tissue filling [58] stimulates collagen production in facial skin [59] pigmentation due to malformation of the lacrimal passage [60] | Good compatibility with the human body compared with hyaluronic acid, it has a greater modulus of elasticity [58] | Easy degradation and short maintenance time |
| Sculptra® (galderma, fort worth, TX) | PLLA | 150 mg of PLLA microparticles, sodium, carboxymethylcellulose and non-pyrogenic mannitol [56] | No | Zygomatic and cheek depression, lower facial relaxation and fold, lower orbital depression, neck lines (venus chain) and hand aging | Long-term results, safe, no allergy test needed [61] | Inflammatory response and edema last for a long time (3–5 days), irregular appearance (depending on injection technique), requires multiple treatments |
| ZydermI® (INAMED, santa barbara, CA) | Bovine collagen | 3.5% bovine dermal collagen suspended in physiological phosphate buffer sodium chloride solution and lidocaine [62] | Yes | Superficial skin lines [63] (eyebrow lines, horizontal forehead lines, crow’s feet, fine lines, and scars) | Safe, reliable, contains lidocaine (lidocaine inhibits eosinophilic activation and reduces the risk of swelling and crusts), ease of administration [64] | Requires allergy test, more inflammatory response, short duration |
| Zyderm II® (INAMED, santa barbara, CA) | Bovine collagen | 6.5% bovine dermal collagen, suspended in physiological phosphate buffer sodium chloride solution and 0.3% lidocaine [62] | Yes | Moderate-to-deep wrinkles | Same as zyderm I | Same as zyderm I |
| Zyplast® (INAMED, santa barbara, CA) | Bovine collagen | Cross-linked with 0.0075% glutaraldehyde, other ingredients are the same as in ZydermI [62] | Yes | Deeper wrinkles [63] (nasolabial furrows, deep acne scars, and red lip edges) | Same as zyderm I but more viscous and harder to degrade [64] | Same as zyderm I |
| CosmoDerm I® (INAMED, santa barbara, CA) | Bioengineered human collagen | 3.5% collagen, phosphate buffer saline, and lidocaine [65] | No | Superficial wrinkles [65] | Safe, reliable, contains lidocaine (lidocaine inhibits eosinophilic activation and reduces the risk of swelling and crusts), no allergy test needed, ease of administration [64] | Short duration |
| CosmoDerm II® (INAMED, santa barbara, CA) | Bioengineered human collagen | 6.5% collagen, phosphate buffer saline, and lidocaine [66] | No | Same as CosmoDerm I [65] | Same as CosmoDerm I [65] | Same as CosmoDerm I |
| CosmodPlast® (INAMED, santa barbara, CA) | Bioengineered human collagen | Cross-linked with 0.0075% glutaraldehyde, other ingredients are the same as in CosmoDerm I | No | Medium-depth wrinkles and red lip edges | Same as CosmoDerm I, more viscous and harder to degrade [64] | Same as CosmoDerm I |
| Cymetra® (INAMED, santa barbara, CA) | Human cadaveric collagen | Micropowdered cadaver collagen [67] | No | Lip, nasolabial groove, and deep wrinkles [67] | Safe, contains lidocaine (lidocaine inhibits eosinophilic activation and reduces the risk of swelling and crusts), no allergy test needed | Skin necrosis if used in glabella, expensive, and often lumps in the needle |
| Isologen (isologen technologies inc., paramus, NJ) | Autologous collagen | A culture of autologous fibroblasts extracted from the patient’s own skin [68] | No | Moderate-to-deep wrinkles | Safe, no allergy test needed | High cost, long processing time, injection pain, difficulty in immediate correction, and uncertain long-term efficacy [62,68] |
| Autologous fat | Autologous fat | Glycerol and fatty acids [69] | No | Facial contour deformities, scarring, and wrinkles [70] | Highest biocompatibility [71] | High resorption rate [71] |
| Bellafill® (suneve medical, San Diego, CA) | PMMA | Smooth microsphere of PMMA (20% volume) and 3.5% bovine collagen (80% volume) and 0.3% lidocaine matrix suspension [72] | Yes | Nasolabial groove, frown line, radial lip line, and the corners of the mouth [72] | Long-term effects or even permanent [65] | Requires allergy test, non-degradable components have safety risks [61] |
|
