Research Article

AMELX and ENAM Polymorphisms and Dental Caries

Table 2

Background information of two groups of Iranian 18–24 years medical sciences students selected, caries free (n = 41) and those with DMFT ≥ 4 (n = 40).

VariablesAlternativesCaries free n (%)DMFT ≥ 4 n (%)

GenderMale24 (58.5)17 (42.5)
Female17 (41.5)23 (57.5)

Father’s educationAcademic29 (70.7)16 (40)
Nonacademic12 (29.3)24 (60)

Mother’s educationAcademic24 (58.5)11 (27.5)
Nonacademic17 (41.5)29 (70.7)

Tooth brushing habitRecommended tooth brushing habit (RTH)12 (29.3)9 (22.5)
Lack of RTH29 (70.7)31 (77.5)

Consumption of snacks containing sugarNon-acceptable (once a day or more)22 (53.7)30 (75)
Acceptable (less than once a day)19 (46.3)10 (25)

Dental check upBy him/herself or none22 (53.7)6 (15)
By a dentist19 (46.3)34 (85)

Last dental check upMore than a year ago23 (56.1)12 (30)
Within the last year18 (43.9)28 (70)

Dentist as parentsYes3 (7.3)0
No38 (92.7)40 (100)

The fluoride level of drinking water∗∗Very low29 (74.4)13 (33.3)
Low10 (25.6)26 (66.7)

AMELX gene genotypes∗∗∗TT33 (80.5)33 (82.5)
TC6 (14.6)6 (15)
CC1 (2.4)1 (2.5)
Not determined1 (2.4)0 (0)

ENAM gene genotypesTT34 (82.9)39 (97.5)
TC6 (14.6)1 (2.5)
Not determined1 (2.4)0 (0)

Recommended tooth brushing habit (RTH) was defined as brushing more than once a day with regular or frequent use of fluoride toothpaste. ∗∗There were two missing values for this variable. ∗∗∗CC genotype was observed in only two of the study samples, which was excluded from analyses.