Effect of Sodium Ascorbate, Grape Seed Extract, and Aloe Vera Application after In-Office Bleaching on the Bond Strength of Enamel: A 3-Year Evaluation

Table 1

Number of specimens (%) according to fracture mode and the premature failure of all experimental groups.

Experimental groups	Restauration moment	Storage time	Fracture pattern
			C	A/M	PF
Control (without bleaching)	Immediately	24 hr	4 (11.6)	31 (88.4)	0 (0)
		3 years	6 (19.1)	26 (80.9)	0 (0)
After bleaching (without antioxidants)	Immediately	24 hr	3 (8.8)	31 (91.2)	0 (0)
		3 years	3 (9.1)	30 (90.9)	0 (0)
	7 days after bleaching	24 hr	3 (10.9)	25 (89.1)	0 (0)
		3 years	6 (19.1)	28 (74.9)	2 (6.0)
	14 days after bleaching	24 hr	4 (13.4)	33 (86.4)	0 (0)
		3 years	2 (6.0)	29 (90.9)	1 (3.1)
After bleaching + sodium ascorbate 10%	Immediately	24 hr	5 (15.0)	30 (85)	0 (0)
		3 years	3 (11.2)	22 (81.4)	2 (7.4)
	7 days after bleaching	24 hr	9 (30.0)	21 (70.0)	0 (0)
		3 years	3 (6.3)	29 (93.7)	0 (0)
	14 days after bleaching	24 hr	6 (17.4)	29 (82.6)	0 (0)
		3 years	2 (6.6)	27 (84.1)	3 (9.3)
After bleaching+Aloe vera	Immediately	24 hr	1 (2.9)	34 (97.1)	0 (0)
		3 years	1 (7.3)	25 (82.4)	3 (10.3)
	7 days after bleaching	24 hr	7 (24.0)	22 (76.0)	0 (0)
		3 years	1 (3.4)	27 (90.0)	2 (6.6)
	14 days after bleaching	24 hr	4 (12.5)	28 (87.5)	0 (0)
		3 years	2 (7.0)	25 (86.0)	2 (7.0)
After bleaching + grape seed extract	Immediately	24 hr	3 (11.3)	27(88.7)	0 (0)
		3 years	2 (6.6)	24 (76.6)	4 (16.8)
	7 days after bleaching	24 hr	9 (32.9)	20 (67.1)	0 (0)
		3 years	0 (0)	30 (93.7)	2 (6.3)
	14 days after bleaching	24 hr	8 (23.4)	27 (76.6)	0 (0)
		3 years	0 (0)	28 (87.5)	4 (12.5)

Abbreviations: C, cohesive fracture mode; A/M, adhesive or mixed fracture mode; PF, premature failure.