Vitamin D and Serum Cytokines in a Randomized Clinical Trial

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of study participants. There were no significant differences between the study groups at baseline.

Characteristic	Active (𝑛=78)	Placebo (𝑛=70)
∗Age, y	59.3±13.0	58.1±13.4
BMI, kg/m^2	26.1±4.5	26.6±4.1
∗∗Male	17 (21.8%)	13 (18.6%)
Female	61 (78.2%)	57 (81.4%)
Race
Caucasian	70 (89.7%)	61 (87.1%)
African American	3 (3.8%)	3 (4.3%)
Asian	2 (2.6%)	6 (8.6%)
Other	3 (3.8%)	0 (0.0%)
∗25-OHD, nmol/L	64.3±25.4	63.0±25.8
PTH, pg/mL	29.2±13.6	28.4±12.6
History of tobacco use	26 (33.3%)	28 (40%)
History of asthma	6 (7.7%)	2 (2.9%)
History of COPD	3 (3.8%)	2 (2.9%)
Received flu vaccine	44 (56.4%)	45 (64.3%)
Dietary calcium intake (mg/d)	762.8±375.7	854.6±518.6
Dietary vitamin D intake (IU/d)	147.3±182.3	168±146.5

∗Values are expressed as mean±SD.
∗∗Values are expressed as 𝑛 (%).
Epidemiology and Infection, see [19] © 2009 Cambridge University Press.