Examination of the Association between Insufficient Sleep and
Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes by Race/Ethnicity
Table 2
Association between insufficient rest/sleep and any cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Categories of insufficient rest/sleep
No. at risk
No. with CVD
Age-, sex-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals)
Multivariable odds ratio (95% confidence intervals)
Whole cohort
0 days
133265
18561
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
1–13 days
144187
12014
0.93 (0.88–0.98)
0.99 (0.94–1.05)
14–29 days
55983
5920
1.46 (1.37–1.56)
1.34 (1.25–1.43)
30 days
38709
6149
2.25 (2.10–2.40)
1.72 (1.60–1.85)
-trend
<0.0001
<0.0001
Whites
0 days
105491
15476
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
1–13 days
116983
9647
0.87 (0.82–0.91)
0.95 (0.90–1.00)
14–29 days
45077
4676
1.42 (1.33–1.52)
1.32 (1.24–1.41)
30 days
28879
4586
2.14 (1.99–2.29)
1.62 (1.51–1.74)
-trend
<.0001
<.0001
Blacks
0 days
9806
1228
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
1–13 days
10690
1029
1.00 (0.83–1.21)
1.11 (0.92–1.34)
14–29 days
4180
522
1.54 (1.22–1.93)
1.49 (1.18–1.88)
30 days
3819
626
2.28 (1.82–2.84)
2.06 (1.63–2.59)
-trend
<.0001
<.0001
Hispanic Americans
0 days
9516
801
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
1–13 days
8408
650
1.35 (1.06–1.72)
1.30 (1.02–1.65)
14–29 days
3247
319
1.70 (1.27–2.28)
1.49 (1.12–1.99)
30 days
3042
443
2.80 (2.12–3.69)
2.22 (1.69–2.90)
-trend
<.0001
<.0001
Others
0 days
7146
854
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
1–13 days
7211
583
1.18 (0.92–1.52)
1.17 (0.91–1.51)
14–29 days
3094
346
2.01 (1.47–2.74)
1.71 (1.22–2.40)
30 days
2628
427
2.81 (2.10–3.77)
2.08 (1.54–2.81)
-trend
<.0001
<.0001
*Adjusted for age (years), sex (men, women), education categories (<high school, high school, and >high school), smoking (never, former, current), employment status (employed, unemployed, retired, and unable to work), heavy drinker (no, yes), body mass index categories (<25, 25–29, ≥30 kg/m2), no regular exercise (yes, no); -interaction for insufficient rest/sleep and race-ethnicity was .041.
