Elevation of sE-Selectin Levels 2–24 Months following Gestational Diabetes Is Associated with Early Cardiometabolic Risk in Nondiabetic Women
Table 2
Clinical and laboratory data for participants in studied groups: pGDM-P, pGDM-N and pNGT as a control group.
Variable (units)
pGDM-P
pGDM-N
pNGT
-values
Age (years)
31.50 (27.50–35.50)
30.00 (26.00–35.00)
27.00 (25.00–35.50)
0.1145
BMI (kg/m2)
25.12 (21.83–29.04)b
24.44 (21.26–27.22)a
22.00 (20.31–24.33)
0.0022
Waist circumference (cm)
80.00 (73.00–96.00)b
82.00 (73.00–90.00)a
74.50 (69.00−78.00)
0.0010
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)
5.16 (4.77−5.88)b,c
4.77 (4.44−5.13)
4.72 (4.50−4.78)
0.0002
2-h (OGTT) plasma glucose (mmol/L)
8.27 (8.05−8.77)b,c
5.88 (5.44–6.66)a
4.84 (4.77–5.44)
<0.0001
Insulin (pmol/L)
57.44 (42.36–95.84)cc
54.17 (41.67–69.45)
63.20 (54.87–71.53)
0.0353
sVCAM-1 (ng/mL)
960.30 (353.73–1638.03)
1127.63 (466.68–1582.58)a
672.05 (455.70–1113.46)
0.0553
sICAM-1 (ng/mL)
295.90 (238.80–363.38)b
299.28 (243.46–364.19)a
140.40 (121.34–179.90)
<0.0001
sE-selectin (ng/mL)
35.80 (26.37–43.65)b
28.57 (20.35–42.54)a
20.90 (17.11–26.01)
0.0022
tPA:Ag (ng/mL)
6.01 (4.09–7.51)b
4.68 (3.25–7.24)a
3.50 (2.66–4.64)
0.0005
vWF:Ag (%)
107.79 (96.20–131.59)
104.30 (95.36–117.22)
104.87 (74.96–125.67)
0.6498
PAI-1:Ag (ng/mL)
57.67 (49.44–83.75)
57.09 (42.85–85.12)
71.36 (50.54–81.80)
0.2178
hsCRP (μg/mL)
1.30 (0.81–2.86)b
1.32 (0.66–2.76)a
0.41 (0.22–0.79)
<0.0001
Total-cholesterol (mmol/L)
5.33 (4.84–5.92)b
5.02 (4.50–5.48)a
4.56 (4.27–5.09)
0.0022
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)
1.45 (1.29–1.73)b
1.55 (1.27–1.73)a
1.73 (1.56–1.82)
0.0048
LDL- cholesterol (mmol/L)
3.26 (2.97–4.06)b
3.03 (2.77–3.54)a
2.57 (2.30–3.05)
<0.0001
Triglyceride (mmol/L)
1.21 (1.02–2.22)b,c
79.00 (63.00–116.00)
74.50 (58.50–91.00)
0.0004
Triglyceride/HDL cholesterol
1.83 (1.35–4.06)b,c
1.33 (0.95–2.30)
1.11 (0.89–1.50)
0.0003
HOMA-IR (mmol/L)
2.32 (1.27–3.49)ccc
1.64 (1.22–2.15)
1.89 (1.58–2.37)
0.0499
-values for testing over the three groups (ANOVA): a: controls versus previous GDM with normal glucose regulation; b: controls versus previous GDM with prediabetic state; c: previous GDM with normal glucose status versus previous GDM with prediabetic state, cc: , ccc: .
