Impact of Maternal Physical Activity and Infant Feeding Practices on Infant Weight Gain and Adiposity

Table 1

Maternal and infant descriptive characteristics (𝑛=246).

		Mean ± SD		N (%)
Maternal factors	Age (years)	34.2±4.7	OGTT status
	Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m^2)	29.0±5.2	GDM	70 (28.5)
	SES (Hollingshead index)	51.8±8.3	GIGT	38 (15.4)
	Maternal Insulin sensitivity	5.5±3.6	NGT	138 (56.1)
	Pregravid physical activity		Family history of diabetes	146 (59.3)
	Work index	2.4±0.6
	Vigorous/sport index	2.4±0.8
	Leisure index	3.1±0.6
	Physical Activity 1-year postpartum
	Work index	3.0±0.6
	Vigorous/Sport Index	2.3±0.8
	Leisure Index	3.1±0.6
Infant factors	Birth weight (g)	3438.2±456.8	Age of introduction to formula*
	Gestation (weeks)	39±1.4	At birth	45 (18.3)
	Age at time of visit (months)	12.4±1.2	1–5 months	55 (22.4)
			After 6 months	62 (25.2)
	Exclusive breastfeeding duration (months)	4.5±2.3	Never	80 (32.5)
	Age of introduction to cereal (months)	5.5±1.1	Females	126 (51.2)
	Daily screen time (min)	48.9±99.8	Caucasian	156 (63.4)
			Screen time
	Δ Weight from 0-1 year (g)	6312.7±1116.1	None	93 (38)
	Weight-for-length 𝑧-score	0.23±1.0	<60 min	76 (31)
			60–119 min	48 (20)
			≥120 min	28 (11)

*4 infants were missing information for age of introduction to formula.
SES: socioeconomic status; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; GIGT: gestational impaired glucose tolerance; NGT: normal glucose tolerance; Δ Weight: change in weight from 0 to 1 year.