Low Glycemic Index Carbohydrates versus All Types of Carbohydrates for Treating Diabetes in Pregnancy: A Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Glycemic Control
Table 5
Dietary intake throughout the intervention in both study groups.
Group 1 (All types of CHO) ()
Group 2 (Low GI CHO) ()
valueb, c
T1
T2
T3
valuea
T1
T2
T3
valuea
Energy (kcal)
1525 ± 479
1568 ± 478
1613 ± 474
0.299
1542 ± 566
1507 ± 379
1506 ± 438
0.697
0.838
Protein (% TEI)
20.58 ± 4.91
21.81 ± 4.79
21.15 ± 5.23
0.596
19.83 ± 5.45
23.54 ± 20.15
21.45 ± 4.42
0.058
0.582
Carbohydrates (% TEI)
47.50 ± 8.95
47.88 ± 6.84
45.78 ± 8.27
0.333
48.67 ± 8.61
47.59 ± 8.17
46.59 ± 9.09
0.957
0.530
Fiber (g/day)
23.11 ± 10.84
25.99 ± 11.55
20.58 ± 4.91
0.211
24.70 ± 12.84
26.81 ± 10.78
25.36 ± 10.31
0.632
0.666
Lipids (% TEI)
32.08 ± 8.41
30.26 ± 6.75
32.47 ± 7.36
0.800
29.45 ± 8.37
28.38 ± 9.96
27.90 ± 8.51
0.300
0.518
Saturated fat (% TEI)
10.00 ± 3.26
10.43 ± 3.20
10.60 ± 2.96
0.262
9.31 ± 3.56
8.51 ± 2.90
8.70 ± 3.27
0.326
0.473
Monounsaturated fat (% TEI)
9.84 ± 4.31
8.86 ± 2.74
8.86 ± 2.74
0.804
8.27 ± 3.29
8.31 ± 6.17
7.91 ± 3.23
0.521
0.114
Polyunsaturated fat (% TEI)
6.95 ± 3.97
5.06 ± 3.21
6.00 ± 4.11
0.190
5.49 ± 4.01
5.62 ± 4.96
4.96 ± 3.09
0.385
0.475
Glycemic index
50.00 ± 8.98
—
48.61 ± 8.37
0.345
51.29 ± 7.28
—
47.18 ± 6.93
0.001
*
0.921
Mean ± SD analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA.
aIntra-group differences, binter-group differences.
cEstimated effect size Eta2 in all comparisons.
*Significant decrease throughout time (). T1: first visit value, T2: mean values during pregnancy, and T3: last visit value. %TEI: Total energy intake.
