|
Promoter | Gene of interest | Animal strain | Diabetic incidence | Effect on islets | Effects on islet transplantation | Reference |
|
Human insulin | IL-4 | NOD | Decreased | Protect islets from autoimmune destruction | No significant protective effect | [21] |
Rat insulin | TGF-β | NOD | Decreased | Small clusters of micro-islet | N, and no protective effect when use pancreata in an allogeneic transplantation model | [22, 23] |
Glucagon | TGF-β | NOD | Decreased | Morphologically normal, no other phenotypes mentioned | N | [24] |
Rat insulin | TNF-α | NOD | Decreased | Massive insulitis | N | [25] |
Human insulin | SOCS1 | B6 | B6 is not a diabetes-prone mouse strain | Not mentioned | Expression of SOCS-1 in islets delays allografts rejection (B6 to Balb/c) but cannot circumvent destruction of the islets by the recurrence of the tissue-specific autoimmune process of spontaneous diabetes (B6 to diabetic NOD) | [26] |
Human insulin | PD-L1 | NOD | Decreased | Protect from autoimmune destruction | No significant protective effect | [27] |
Glial fibrillary acidic protein | PD-L1 | NOD | Increased | Enhance the severity of insulitis | N | [28] |
Rat insulin | PD-L1 | B6 | Induces T-cell-mediated spontaneous diabetes in B6 mouse | Induce insulitis | Accelerate allograft rejection | [29] |
Human insulin | Single chain anti-CTLA-4 Fv | NOD | Decreased | Protect islets from autoimmune destruction | Prolong islet grafts survival in diabetic NOD mice | [30] |
Rat insulin | CTLA-4-Ig | B6 | B6 is not a diabetes-prone mouse strain | Morphologically normal | N, and transplantation of CTLA4-Ig transgenic pancreata combine with transient systemic CD4 T cell depletion in recipients enhance allograft acceptance | [31] |
Human insulin | Thioredoxin | NOD | Decreased | Do not attenuate the development of insulitis | N | [32] |
Human insulin | Heme oxygenase 1 | NOD | Decreased | Protect islets from autoimmune destruction Resistant to inflammatory cytokine-induced apoptosis | Prolong islet grafts survival in diabetic NOD mice | [33] |
Human insulin | DcR3 | NOD | Decreased | Protect islets from autoimmune destruction | Increase the successful rate of implantation and prolong islet grafts survival in diabetic NOD mice | [34] |
Human insulin | D6 | NOD | Decreased | Protect islets from autoimmune destruction | N | [35] |
|