Research Article
Bisphenol A and Metabolic Syndrome: Results from NHANES
Table 1
Characteristics of the study population from NHANES 2003–2008a.
| Characteristics | Tertile 1 () | Tertile 2 () | Tertile 3 () | P value |
| Age (years) | 48.29 ± 0.74 | 45.24 ± 0.73 | 42.26 ± 0.64 | <0.0001 | Female (%) | 381 (56.3) | 338 (48.4) | 343 (48.4) | 0.03 | Race/ethnicity (%) | | | | | Non-Hispanic Whites | 367 (75.3) | 357 (71.8) | 314 (67.5) | 0.02 | Non-Whites | 328 (24.7) | 347 (28.2) | 391 (32.4) | Smoking status (%) | | | | | Never smoker | 351 (50.8) | 338 (49.9) | 309 (44.5) | 0.05 | Former smoker | 186 (26.8) | 177 (24.5) | 147 (23.8) | Current smoker | 121 (20.2) | 141 (22.5) | 161 (26.4) | Missing | 37 (2.3) | 48 (3.1) | 88 (5.2) | Alcohol intake (%) | | | | | Nondrinker | 291 (31.8) | 272 (33.1) | 312 (35.4) | <0.0001 | Moderate drinker | 278 (49.7) | 249 (39.7) | 221 (36.2) | Heavy drinker | 126 (18.4) | 183 (27.2) | 172 (28.4) | Annual household income | | | | | <$20,000 | 129 (10.8) | 133 (12.7) | 160 (15.7) | 0.02 | $20,000–$54,999 | 261 (32.4) | 269 (35.9) | 287 (38.8) | ≥55,000 | 257 (51.8) | 250 (45.2) | 224 (40.9) | Missing | 48 (4.9) | 52 (6.2) | 34 (4.6) | Moderate physical activity (%) | 233 (42.4) | 251 (40.1) | 265 (39.9) | 0.69 | Waist circumference (cm) | 95.97 ± 0.74 | 97.81 ± 0.85 | 97.86 ± 0.89 | <0.0001 | Systolic blood pressure (mm of Hg) | 120.56 ± 0.76 | 120.76 ± 0.60 | 119.58 ± 0.81 | <0.0001 | Diastolic blood pressure (mm of Hg) | 70.17 ± 0.66 | 69.65 ± 0.57 | 69.48 ± 0.54 | <0.0001 | Serum triglycerides (mg/dL) | 129.61 ± 3.84 | 138.16 ± 5.88 | 145.81 ± 5.32 | <0.0001 | Serum HDL (mg/dL) | 57.19 ± 0.86 | 54.86 ± 0.81 | 52.20 ± 0.65 | <0.0001 | Serum glucose (mg/dL) | 102.78 ± 1.22 | 102.64 ± 1.02 | 104.85 ± 1.58 | <0.0001 | Urinary creatinine (mg/dL) | 85.03 ± 2.57 | 132.83 ± 3.07 | 175.80 ± 4.14 | <0.0001 | Metabolic Syndrome (%) | 30.0 | 34.9 | 38.9 | 0.01 |
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aData presented are number (percentages) or mean values ± standard error (SE), as appropriate for the variable.
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