Bisphenol A and Metabolic Syndrome: Results from NHANES

Table 1

Characteristics of the study population from NHANES 2003–2008^a.

Characteristics	Tertile 1 (𝑁=695)	Tertile 2 (𝑁=704)	Tertile 3 (𝑁=705)	P value
Age (years)	48.29 ± 0.74	45.24 ± 0.73	42.26 ± 0.64	<0.0001
Female (%)	381 (56.3)	338 (48.4)	343 (48.4)	0.03
Race/ethnicity (%)
Non-Hispanic Whites	367 (75.3)	357 (71.8)	314 (67.5)	0.02
Non-Whites	328 (24.7)	347 (28.2)	391 (32.4)
Smoking status (%)
Never smoker	351 (50.8)	338 (49.9)	309 (44.5)	0.05
Former smoker	186 (26.8)	177 (24.5)	147 (23.8)
Current smoker	121 (20.2)	141 (22.5)	161 (26.4)
Missing	37 (2.3)	48 (3.1)	88 (5.2)
Alcohol intake (%)
Nondrinker	291 (31.8)	272 (33.1)	312 (35.4)	<0.0001
Moderate drinker	278 (49.7)	249 (39.7)	221 (36.2)
Heavy drinker	126 (18.4)	183 (27.2)	172 (28.4)
Annual household income
<$20,000	129 (10.8)	133 (12.7)	160 (15.7)	0.02
$20,000–$54,999	261 (32.4)	269 (35.9)	287 (38.8)
≥55,000	257 (51.8)	250 (45.2)	224 (40.9)
Missing	48 (4.9)	52 (6.2)	34 (4.6)
Moderate physical activity (%)	233 (42.4)	251 (40.1)	265 (39.9)	0.69
Waist circumference (cm)	95.97 ± 0.74	97.81 ± 0.85	97.86 ± 0.89	<0.0001
Systolic blood pressure (mm of Hg)	120.56 ± 0.76	120.76 ± 0.60	119.58 ± 0.81	<0.0001
Diastolic blood pressure (mm of Hg)	70.17 ± 0.66	69.65 ± 0.57	69.48 ± 0.54	<0.0001
Serum triglycerides (mg/dL)	129.61 ± 3.84	138.16 ± 5.88	145.81 ± 5.32	<0.0001
Serum HDL (mg/dL)	57.19 ± 0.86	54.86 ± 0.81	52.20 ± 0.65	<0.0001
Serum glucose (mg/dL)	102.78 ± 1.22	102.64 ± 1.02	104.85 ± 1.58	<0.0001
Urinary creatinine (mg/dL)	85.03 ± 2.57	132.83 ± 3.07	175.80 ± 4.14	<0.0001
Metabolic Syndrome (%)	30.0	34.9	38.9	0.01

^aData presented are number (percentages) or mean values ± standard error (SE), as appropriate for the variable.