Factors Associated with the Decline of Kidney Function Differ among eGFR Strata in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of subjects data are mean  SD. AER and TG were expressed as median and interquartile range and were transformed to the common logarithm for calculations. *𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01, and ***𝑃<0.001 versus stratum 1, ^#𝑃<0.05, ^##𝑃<0.01, and ^###𝑃<0.001 versus stratum 2 as determined by multiple comparison method (Fisher's LSD) after ANOVA. BMI: body mass index, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, FPG: fasting plasma glucose, TC: total cholesterol, HDL-C: HDL cholesterol, TG: triglyceride, UA: uric acid, Cr: creatinine, and AER: albumin excretion rate.

Parameter	Overall; (𝑛=1303)	Stratum 1; (𝑛=432)	Stratum 2; (𝑛=740)	Stratum 3; (𝑛=131)	𝑃 value
Age (years)	60.0 ± 8.9	56.0 ± 8.3	61.3 ± 8.6***	65.2 ± 7.6^***, ###	<0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)	23.6 ± 3.8	23.7 ± 4.1	23.5 ± 3.6	24.5 ± 3.5*	<0.05
Male (%)	68.6	60.0	72.5	75.6	<0.001
Duration of diabetes (y)	10.4 ± 8.3	8.9 ± 7.4	10.7 ± 8.3**	12.9 ± 9.7^***, ##	<0.001
Diabetic retinopathy (%)	28.9	26.4	28.3	42.0	<0.01
SBP (mmHg)	132.0 ± 17.6	131.5 ± 18.9	131.5 ± 16.4	137.3 ± 18.9^**, ###	<0.01
DBP (mmHg)	74.5 ± 10.8	74.6 ± 11.6	74.5 ± 10.4	74.2 ± 10.1	n.s.
FPG (mmol/L)	9.7 ± 2.9	10.4 ± 3.0	9.4 ± 2.7***	8.8 ± 2.8^***, #	<0.001
HbA1c (%)	9.1 ± 1.8	9.4 ± 1.9	8.9 ± 1.7***	8.7 ± 1.7***	<0.001
TC (mmol/L)	5.3 ± 1.0	5.4 ± 1.0	5.2 ± 0.9*	5.4 ± 0.9	<0.05
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.4 ± 0.4	1.4 ± 0.4	1.3 ± 0.4	1.4 ± 0.4	n.s.
TG (mmol/L)	111 (78–163)	109 (79–171)	110 (76–159)*	122 (90–179)^#	<0.05
UA (mg/dL)	5.2 ± 1.4	4.7 ± 1.3	5.3 ± 1.3***	6.3 ± 1.7^***, ###	<0.001
Cr (mg/dL)	0.7 ± 0.5	0.6 ± 0.8	0.8 ± 0.2***	1.1 ± 0.2^***, ###	<0.001
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	82.7 ± 19.7	106.5 ± 13.3	78.0 ± 9.6***	53.0 ± 12.2^***, ###	<0.001
eGFR after 3 years	75.7 ± 20.5	92.5 ± 19.0	73.7 ± 14.6***	47.8 ± 15.4^***, ###	<0.001
Annual GFR decline (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	2.3 ± 5.4	4.6 ± 6.5	1.4 ± 4.4***	1.7 ± 5.8***	<0.001
Annual GFR decline; (% reduction from baseline)	2.5 ± 6.29	4.2 ± 6.0	1.7 ± 5.6^***, #	2.9 ± 8.9^*, #	<0.001
AER (μg/min)	12.5 (5.8–41.3)	11.5 (6.0–29.9)	11.4 (5.6–35.5)	35.4^***, ### (10.3–232.5)	<0.001
Hemoglobin (g/L)	143 ± 13	143 ± 14	144 ± 13	137 ± 16^***, ###	<0.001