Metabolic Syndrome in Estonia: Prevalence and Associations with Insulin Resistance

Table 2

Comparison of subjects with and without metabolic syndrome (MS).

Characteristics	MS; 𝑛=138	Without MS; 𝑛=357
Age (years)	53.3±13.9	44.4±14.8
Waist (cm)	108.1±11.9	87.5±12.8
Men	110.1±9.7	92.4±11.3
Women	106.3±13.4	84.1±12.6
BMI (kg/m²)	33.3±5.4	26.2±5.2
Men	32.2±4.6	26.1±4.5
Women	34.4±5.9	26.2±5.6
HOMA-IR	2.88±1.97	1.11±1.01
Men	3.02±2.14	1.16±1.28
Women	2.75±1.80	1.07±0.77
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	141.4±14.5	124.2±15.1
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	87.5±8.5	78.7±9.2
Cholesterol (mmol/L)*	5.88±1.18	5.63±1.18
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.85±0.89	1.10±0.51
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) (men)	1.19±0.36	1.48±0.42
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) (women)	1.36±0.36	1.74±0.43
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	6.14±1.08	5.16±0.46
2h glucose during OGTT (mmol/L)	7.22±2.79	5.11±1.81
Fasting insulin (mU/L)	10.44±6.37	4.76±4.20
Impaired fasting glucose^¤,$	12 (9)	13 (4)
Impaired glucose tolerance^¤	27 (20)	17 (5)
Diabetes^¤	33 (24)	6 (2)

Data presented as mean ± SD, ^¤data presented as 𝑛 (%), 𝑃<0.0001, ^$𝑃=0.04, *𝑃=0.03.
OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test.