Osteoprotegerin, Soluble Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 4

Stepwise linear regression with OPG and cIMT as dependent variables, adjusting for anthropometric and biochemical variables and diabetes status.

Dependent variable	Independent variable	Model 𝑅^2	Standardized β (mean effect on dependent variable per unit increase of independent variable)	P value
T1DM + controls* (𝑁=84)
OPG (pmol/L)		0.110		0.003
	BMI		−0.335	0.003
	Presence of T1DM		0.140	0.197
	Male; (versus female)		0.079	0.477
	Age		−0.099	0.483
cIMT (mm)		0.175		0.027
	BMI		0.418	0.027
	Presence of T1DM		−0.196	0.282
	Male; (versus female)		−0.192	0.319
	Age		0.162	0.544
	OPG		−0.012	0.953
T1DM** (𝑁=56)
OPG (pmol/L)		0.127		0.008
	BMI		−0.356	0.008
	Age		−0.076	0.645
	Male; (versus female)		0.116	0.390
	Years of diabetes		−0.033	0.807
	HbA1c		0.068	0.605
cIMT (mm)		0.365		0.013
	BMI		0.604	0.013
	Age		−0.373	0.321
	Male; (versus female)		−0.127	0.615
	Years of diabetes		0.238	0.281
	HbA1c		−0.169	0.450
	OPG		0.105	0.718

DM: diabetes mellitus; ΒMΙ: body mass index; OPG: osteoprotegerin; cIMT: (combined) carotid intima-media thickness.
*Age, gender, and presence of type 1 diabetes mellitus a priori entered in the model; BMI entered through the stepwise procedure; OPG a priori entered when examining cIMT.
**Age, gender, and years of diabetes and HbA1c a priori entered in the model; BMI entered through the stepwise procedure; OPG a priori entered when examining cIMT.