Evaluation of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D as a Predictor of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Carotid Total Plaque Area in Nonsmokers: The Tromsø Study

Table 3

Serum 25(OH)D (means ± SD) in the TPA groups in men and women and regression coefficients (𝛽) with their respective 95% confidential intervals from linear regression models. The 4th Tromsø Study, 1994-1995.

TPA groups, mm^2(𝑁)	Serum 25(OH)D¶, nmol L^−1	Total calcium, mmol L^−1
Men, 𝑛=1994
No plaques (949)	54.0±16.4	2.37±0.10
<11.37 (348)	55.7±17.0	2.37±0.10
11.37–23.89 (347)	55.6±16.6	2.36±0.10
>23.89 (348)	54.9±16.9	2.37±0.11
𝑃 for trend	NS	NS
𝛽 unadjusted (95% CI)^₤	0.02 (−0.03, 0.07)	−0.03 (−0.08, 0.02)
𝛽 adjusted^† (95% CI)^₤	0.02 (−0.03, 0.06)	−0.03 (−0.08, 0.01)
Women, 𝑛=2200
No plaques (1238)	50.3±16.3	2.37±0.11
<9.42 (319)	49.5±18.3	2.38±0.12
9.42–18.07 (321)	50.2±17.7	2.39±0.12
>18.07 (322)	48.6±16.0	2.40±0.11
𝑃 for trend	NS	<0.001
𝛽 unadjusted (95% CI)^₤	−0.03 (−0.07, 0.02)	0.08 (0.04, 0.13)*
𝛽 adjusted† (95% CI)^₤	0.04 (−0.01, 0.08)	0.01 (−0.04, 0.05)

¶Adjusted for season of blood testing.
* 𝑃<0.05.
^₤Square root transformed TPA as the dependent variable in the linear regression model.
†Adjusted for age, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol.