Cigarette Smoking Is Associated with Prolongation of the QTc Interval Duration in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Table 1
Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics (data are expressed as mean ± SD).
Variable
Chronic smokers
Nonsmokers
35
35
Gender F-M
15-20
15-20
Age (years)
55.1 ± 9.0
56.9 ± 8.2
0.379
Body mass index (kg/m2)
29.8 ± 5.1
32.6 ± 5.2
0.026
Heart rate (beats/min)
80.4 ± 10.8
73.1 ± 10.1
0.006
SBP (mmHg)
125.3 ± 14.6
128.1 ± 15.6
0.442
DBP (mmHg)
74.2 ± 10.3
77.1 ± 8.5
0.205
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
5.0 ± 0.9
4.7 ± 1
0.302
Triglycerides (mmol/L)
2.0 ± 1.9
1.8 ± 0.8
0.700
HDL-C (mmol/L)
1.1 ± 0.3
1.2 ± 0.3
0.366
LDL-C (mmol/L)
3.1 ± 0.9
2.7 ± 0.9
0.066
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)
7.4 ± 2.2
7.3 ± 1.5
0.788
HbA1c (mmol/mol)
55.2 ± 11.5
51.3 ± 10.3
0.145
Duration of diabetes (yrs)
5.3 ± 4.5
5.3 ± 4.3
0.936
Brinkman index (cigarettes/day × years)
927 ± 735
—
Number of patients with arterial hypertension
12
17
0.225
Number of patients on ACE inhibitors
7
10
0.403
Number of patients on AT1 antagonists
7
9
ns
Number of patients on ACE + AT1
1
1
ns
Number of patients on Ca-blockers
3
5
ns
Number of patients on diuretics
7
7
ns
Number of patients on metformin
31
28
ns
Number of patients on sitagliptin
14
8
0.122
Number of patients on sulfonylureas
10
16
0.138
Number of patients on glitazones
6
10
ns
Number of patients on meglitinides
2
0
ns
Number of patients on statins
14
19
0.231
SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg or the use of antihypertensive medication.
