Determinants of Hypovitaminosis D in Pregnant Women and Their Newborns in a Sunny Region

Table 2

Variables studied according to the quartiles of the air quality index.

	Quartile 1	Quartile 2	Quartile 3	Quartile 4	𝑃 for trend
Air quality index	137.0 (135.0, 139.0)^a,b	140.5 (138.7, 150.0)	145.0 (139.0, 166.2)^b	149.5 (145.8, 177.0)^a	0.02
Ultraviolet B (W/m^2)	0.41 (0.39, 044)^a,b	0.39 (0.37, 0.40)	0.37 (0.35, 0.39)^b	0.36 (0.35, 0.38)^a	0.04
Newborn weight (gr)	2980.0 (2975, 3100)	3000 (2970, 3250)	2990 (2970, 3365.0)	2950 (2980, 3350.0)	0.6
Newborn length (cm)	49.4 (48.8, 51.1)	49.7 (48.9, 50.4)	49.3 (48.8, 51.4)	49.7 (48.7, 51.1)	0.8
Newborn 25(OH)D (ng/mL)	16.9 (14.0, 21.1)^a,b	16.1 (14.2, 21.4)	15.7 (14.8, 17.1)^b	15.1 (14.0, 17.7)^a	0.03
Newborn parathormone (Pg/mL)	22.1 (21.5, 23.4)^a	22.7 (21.9, 24.1)	23.8 (22.7, 24.1)	24.2 (22.4, 27.0)^a	0.04
Mothers’ 25(OH)D (ng/mL)	16.5 (15.1, 18.2)^a,b	16.0 (14.8, 19.1)^c	14.5 (13.1, 17.9)^b	13.8 (13.7, 15.1)^a,c	0.04
Mothers’ parathormone (Pg/mL)	48.1 (46.5, 50.7)^a	51.8 (48.7, 53.2)^c	53.2 (51.1, 55.7)	54.0 (52.8, 59.0)^a,c	0.04

Data presented as median (interquartile range); the dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D was compared in various AQI quartiles and had no significant difference.
^a𝑃<0.05 between the first and fourth quartiles; ^b𝑃<0.05 between the first and third quartiles; ^c𝑃<0.05 between the second and fourth quartiles; 𝑃<0.05 between the second and third quartiles.
Air quality index (AQI): 0–50: good, 51–100: moderate, 101–150: unhealthy for sensitive groups, 151–200: unhealthy, 201–300: very unhealthy, and 301–500: hazardous.