Multidisciplinary Approach to the Treatment of Obese Adolescents: Effects on Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Inflammatory Profile, and Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Balance

Table 4

Effects of interdisciplinary therapy in neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance and inflammatory profile.

Variables		Baseline	After therapy	𝑃 value	Δ value
Neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance	AgRP (ng/mL)	0.76±1.45	0.55±0.34	<0.001	0.05±0.14
	NPY (ng/mL)	1.42±1.75	1.55±2.28	0.66	0.14±2.82
	NPY/AgRP ratio*	0.41 (0.03–9.1)	0.42 (0.01–5.33)	0.07	0.02 (−2.47–2.86)
	MCH (ng/mL)	4.14±2.42	4.95±2.50	0.80	0.45±1.81
	α-MSH (ng/mL)	0.99±0.54	1.06±0.75	0.03	0.10±0.44
	Ghrelin (ng/mL)	1.10±0.27	1.14±0.24	0.40	0.02±0.17
	Leptin (ng/mL)	42.59±26.62	27.41±20.48	<0.001	−19.77±25.32
Inflammatory profile	Adiponectin (µg/L)	6.61±3.61	7.42±4.61	<0.001	1.63±2.69
	Lep/Adipo ratio*	5.7 (0.15–44.3)	3.7 (0.16–30.9)	<0.001	−10.48 (5.64–36.41)
	TNF-α (ng/mL)	44.31±78.9	29.25±41.45	0.23	−15.05±52.03
	CRP (ng/mL)	6.38±11.34	8.75±14.87	0.48	1.82±17.36
	Resistin (ng/mL)	12.45±10.5	13.10±10.3	0.71	0.22±4.88
	PAI-1 (ng/mL)	13.4±8.1	9.6±8.3	<0.001	−3.94±6.00
	interleukin-6 (IL-6)	58.3±46.9	32.4±21.7	0.05	−25.88±49.85

∗Nonparametric data; statistical significance 𝑃≤0.05; AgRP: Agouti-related peptide; NPY: neuropeptide Y; MCH: melanin-concentrating hormones; α-MSH: α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; Lep/Adipo ratio: leptin/adiponectin ratio; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; CRP: C-reactive protein; PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Reference values: Leptin values between 1 and 20 ng/ml for males and between 4.9 and 24 ng/ml for females.