Research Article
Gut Microbiota, Microinflammation, Metabolic Profile, and Zonulin Concentration in Obese and Normal Weight Subjects
Table 1
The comparison of anthropometric and metabolic parameters in the study groups (median values and interquartile ranges).
| | | Obese
| Normal weight | Statistical significance |
| | Age (years) | 53.5 (42.0–63.0) | 42.5 (32.0–52.0) | | | BMI (kg/m2) | 35.4 (30.6–38.7) | 23.7 (21.8–24.8) | | | Fat mass (kg) | 43.3 (36.2–50.2) | 20.1 (17.6–24.7) | | | Fat (%) | 46.7 (40.9–49.9) | 32.5 (28.4–40.0) | | | Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 183.0 (158–219) | 195.0 (156–215) | Ns | | LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 134 (103–172) | 117 (94–140) | Ns | | HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 46 (37–56) | 58 (45–70) | | | Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 120 (92–156) | 87 (66–109) | | | Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.9 (4.4–5.5) | 4.6 (4.3–4.8) | | | Insulin (µU/mL) | 11.1 (8.0–13.8) | 7.4 (5.3–9.7) | | | HOMA-IR | 2.2 (1.7–3.2) | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) | | | Hemoglobin A1C (%) | 5.3 (4.8–5.6) | 5.0 (4.8–5.3) | |
| | Diet | | | | | Energy intake (kcal/day) | 2550 (2043–2923) | 1625 (1488–1813) | | | Protein (%) | 14.0 (12.3–16.3) | 16.3 (13.0–17.7) | | | Fat (%) | 43.0 (38.3–46) | 37.7 (31.7–41.0) | | | Carbohydrates (%) | 43.7 (39.7–47.7) | 46.7 (41.0–52.3) | | | Fiber (g/1000 kcal) | 8.0 (6.5–9.7) | 6.1 (2.0–10.8) | Ns |
| | Gut microbiota | | | | | The total bacterial count (CFU/µL) | 3084 (2230–3571) | 2725 (2422–2989) | Ns | | Bacteroides (CFU/µL) | 800 (500–1000) | 600 (500–812) | Ns | | Firmicutes spp. (CFU/µL) | 532 (306–910) | 716 (405–1000) | Ns | | The rate of Bacteroides/Firmicutes spp. | 1.1 (0.8–1.9) | 0.7 (0.5–1.7) | Ns |
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